coap_gnutls.c

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/*
 * coap_gnutls.c -- GnuTLS Datagram Transport Layer Support for libcoap
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2017      Dag Bjorklund <dag.bjorklund@comsel.fi>
 * Copyright (C) 2018-2025 Jon Shallow <supjps-libcoap@jpshallow.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 *
 * This file is part of the CoAP library libcoap. Please see README for terms
 * of use.
 */
 
/*
 * Naming used to prevent confusion between coap sessions, gnutls sessions etc.
 * when reading the code.
 *
 * c_context  A coap_context_t *
 * c_session  A coap_session_t *
 * g_context  A coap_gnutls_context_t * (held in c_context->dtls_context)
 * g_session  A gnutls_session_t (which has the * in the typedef)
 * g_env      A coap_gnutls_env_t * (held in c_session->tls)
 */
 
/*
 * Notes
 *
 * There is a memory leak in GnuTLS prior to 3.3.26 when hint is not freed off
 * when server psk credentials are freed off.
 *
 * ca_path in coap_dtls_context_set_pki_root_cas() is not supported until 3.3.6
 *
 * Identity Hint is not provided if using DH and versions prior to 3.4.4
 *
 * 3.5.5 or later is required to interoperate with TinyDTLS as CCM algorithm
 * support is required.
 *
 * TLS 1.3 is properly supported from 3.6.5 onwards
 * (but is not enabled by default in 3.6.4)
 *
 * Starting with 3.6.3, fixed in 3.6.13, Client Hellos may fail with some
 * server implementations (e.g. Californium) as random value is all zeros
 * - CVE-2020-11501 - a security weakness.
 * 3.6.6 or later is required to support Raw Public Key(RPK)
 */
 
#include "coap3/coap_libcoap_build.h"
 
#ifdef COAP_WITH_LIBGNUTLS
 
#define MIN_GNUTLS_VERSION "3.3.0"
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gnutls/gnutls.h>
#include <gnutls/x509.h>
#include <gnutls/dtls.h>
#include <gnutls/pkcs11.h>
#include <gnutls/crypto.h>
#include <gnutls/abstract.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
#define COAP_GNUTLS_KEY_RPK GNUTLS_KEY_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE | \
  GNUTLS_KEY_NON_REPUDIATION | \
  GNUTLS_KEY_KEY_ENCIPHERMENT | \
  GNUTLS_KEY_DATA_ENCIPHERMENT | \
  GNUTLS_KEY_KEY_AGREEMENT | \
  GNUTLS_KEY_KEY_CERT_SIGN
#endif /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606 */
 
#ifndef GNUTLS_CRT_RAW
#define GNUTLS_CRT_RAW GNUTLS_CRT_RAWPK
#endif /* GNUTLS_CRT_RAW */
 
#ifdef _WIN32
#define strcasecmp _stricmp
#endif
 
typedef struct coap_ssl_t {
  const uint8_t *pdu;
  unsigned pdu_len;
  unsigned peekmode;
  gnutls_datum_t cookie_key;
} coap_ssl_t;
 
/*
 * This structure encapsulates the GnuTLS session object.
 * It handles both TLS and DTLS.
 * c_session->tls points to this.
 */
typedef struct coap_gnutls_env_t {
  gnutls_session_t g_session;
  gnutls_psk_client_credentials_t psk_cl_credentials;
  gnutls_psk_server_credentials_t psk_sv_credentials;
  gnutls_certificate_credentials_t pki_credentials;
  coap_ssl_t coap_ssl_data;
  /* If not set, need to do gnutls_handshake */
  int established;
  int doing_dtls_timeout;
  coap_tick_t last_timeout;
  int sent_alert;
} coap_gnutls_env_t;
 
#define IS_PSK (1 << 0)
#define IS_PKI (1 << 1)
#define IS_CLIENT (1 << 6)
#define IS_SERVER (1 << 7)
 
typedef struct pki_sni_entry {
  char *sni;
  coap_dtls_key_t pki_key;
  gnutls_certificate_credentials_t pki_credentials;
} pki_sni_entry;
 
typedef struct psk_sni_entry {
  char *sni;
  coap_dtls_spsk_info_t psk_info;
  gnutls_psk_server_credentials_t psk_credentials;
} psk_sni_entry;
 
typedef struct coap_gnutls_context_t {
  coap_dtls_pki_t setup_data;
  int psk_pki_enabled;
  size_t pki_sni_count;
  pki_sni_entry *pki_sni_entry_list;
  size_t psk_sni_count;
  psk_sni_entry *psk_sni_entry_list;
  gnutls_datum_t alpn_proto;    /* Will be "coap", but that is a const */
  char *root_ca_file;
  char *root_ca_path;
  gnutls_priority_t priority_cache;
} coap_gnutls_context_t;
 
typedef enum coap_free_bye_t {
  COAP_FREE_BYE_AS_TCP,  
  COAP_FREE_BYE_AS_UDP,  
  COAP_FREE_BYE_NONE     
} coap_free_bye_t;
 
#define VARIANTS_3_6_6 "NORMAL:+ECDHE-PSK:+PSK:+ECDHE-ECDSA:+AES-128-CCM-8:+CTYPE-CLI-ALL:+CTYPE-SRV-ALL:+SHA256"
#define VARIANTS_3_5_5 "NORMAL:+ECDHE-PSK:+PSK:+ECDHE-ECDSA:+AES-128-CCM-8"
#define VARIANTS_BASE "NORMAL:+ECDHE-PSK:+PSK"
 
#define VARIANTS_NO_TLS13_3_6_6 VARIANTS_3_6_6 ":-VERS-TLS1.3"
#define VARIANTS_NO_TLS13_3_6_4 VARIANTS_3_5_5 ":-VERS-TLS1.3"
 
#define G_ACTION(xx) do { \
    ret = (xx); \
  } while (ret == GNUTLS_E_AGAIN || ret == GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED)
 
#define G_CHECK(xx,func) do { \
    if ((ret = (xx)) < 0) { \
      coap_log_warn("%s: '%s'\n", func, gnutls_strerror(ret)); \
      goto fail; \
    } \
  } while (0)
 
#define G_ACTION_CHECK(xx,func) do { \
    G_ACTION(xx); \
    G_CHECK(xx, func); \
  } while 0
 
static coap_log_t dtls_log_level = COAP_LOG_EMERG;
 
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
static int post_client_hello_gnutls_pki(gnutls_session_t g_session);
static int post_client_hello_gnutls_psk(gnutls_session_t g_session);
static int psk_server_callback(gnutls_session_t g_session,
                               const char *identity,
                               gnutls_datum_t *key);
#endif /* COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_is_supported(void) {
  if (gnutls_check_version(MIN_GNUTLS_VERSION) == NULL) {
    coap_log_err("GnuTLS " MIN_GNUTLS_VERSION " or later is required\n");
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_tls_is_supported(void) {
#if !COAP_DISABLE_TCP
  if (gnutls_check_version(MIN_GNUTLS_VERSION) == NULL) {
    coap_log_err("GnuTLS " MIN_GNUTLS_VERSION " or later is required\n");
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
#else /* COAP_DISABLE_TCP */
  return 0;
#endif /* COAP_DISABLE_TCP */
}
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_psk_is_supported(void) {
  return 1;
}
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_pki_is_supported(void) {
  return 1;
}
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_pkcs11_is_supported(void) {
  return 1;
}
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_rpk_is_supported(void) {
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
  return 1;
#else /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
  return 0;
#endif /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
}
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_cid_is_supported(void) {
  return 0;
}
 
#if COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT
int
coap_dtls_set_cid_tuple_change(coap_context_t *c_context, uint8_t every) {
  (void)c_context;
  (void)every;
  return 0;
}
#endif /* COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT */
 
coap_tls_version_t *
coap_get_tls_library_version(void) {
  static coap_tls_version_t version;
  const char *vers = gnutls_check_version(NULL);
 
  version.version = 0;
  if (vers) {
    int p1, p2, p3;
 
    sscanf(vers, "%d.%d.%d", &p1, &p2, &p3);
    version.version = (p1 << 16) | (p2 << 8) | p3;
  }
  version.built_version = GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER;
  version.type = COAP_TLS_LIBRARY_GNUTLS;
  return &version;
}
 
static void
coap_gnutls_audit_log_func(gnutls_session_t g_session, const char *text) {
#if COAP_MAX_LOGGING_LEVEL > 0
  if (g_session) {
    coap_session_t *c_session =
        (coap_session_t *)gnutls_transport_get_ptr(g_session);
    coap_log_warn("** %s: %s",
                  coap_session_str(c_session), text);
  } else {
    coap_log_warn("** (null): %s", text);
  }
#else /* COAP_MAX_LOGGING_LEVEL ==  0 */
  (void)g_session;
  (void)text;
#endif /* COAP_MAX_LOGGING_LEVEL ==  0 */
}
 
static void
coap_gnutls_log_func(int level, const char *text) {
  /* Things get noisy, even at level 1 */
  if (level > 0)
    level += COAP_LOG_WARN;
  if (level > COAP_LOG_DEBUG)
    level = COAP_LOG_DEBUG;
  coap_dtls_log(level, "%s", text);
}
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_context_set_pki(coap_context_t *c_context,
                          const coap_dtls_pki_t *setup_data,
                          const coap_dtls_role_t role COAP_UNUSED) {
  coap_dtls_key_t key;
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      ((coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_context->dtls_context);
 
  if (!g_context || !setup_data)
    return 0;
 
  g_context->setup_data = *setup_data;
  if (!g_context->setup_data.verify_peer_cert) {
    /* Needs to be clear so that no CA DNs are transmitted */
    g_context->setup_data.check_common_ca = 0;
    if (g_context->setup_data.is_rpk_not_cert) {
      /* Disable all of these as they cannot be checked */
      g_context->setup_data.allow_self_signed = 0;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_expired_certs = 0;
      g_context->setup_data.cert_chain_validation = 0;
      g_context->setup_data.cert_chain_verify_depth = 0;
      g_context->setup_data.check_cert_revocation = 0;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_no_crl = 0;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_expired_crl = 0;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_bad_md_hash = 0;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_short_rsa_length = 0;
    } else {
      /* Allow all of these but warn if issue */
      g_context->setup_data.allow_self_signed = 1;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_expired_certs = 1;
      g_context->setup_data.cert_chain_validation = 1;
      g_context->setup_data.cert_chain_verify_depth = 10;
      g_context->setup_data.check_cert_revocation = 1;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_no_crl = 1;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_expired_crl = 1;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_bad_md_hash = 1;
      g_context->setup_data.allow_short_rsa_length = 1;
    }
  }
  /* Map over to the new define format to save code duplication */
  coap_dtls_map_key_type_to_define(&g_context->setup_data, &key);
  g_context->setup_data.pki_key = key;
  g_context->psk_pki_enabled |= IS_PKI;
  if (setup_data->use_cid) {
    coap_log_warn("GnuTLS has no Connection-ID support\n");
  }
  return 1;
}
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_context_set_pki_root_cas(coap_context_t *c_context,
                                   const char *ca_file,
                                   const char *ca_path) {
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      ((coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_context->dtls_context);
  if (!g_context) {
    coap_log_warn("coap_context_set_pki_root_cas: (D)TLS environment "
                  "not set up\n");
    return 0;
  }
 
  if (ca_file == NULL && ca_path == NULL) {
    coap_log_warn("coap_context_set_pki_root_cas: ca_file and/or ca_path "
                  "not defined\n");
    return 0;
  }
  if (g_context->root_ca_file) {
    gnutls_free(g_context->root_ca_file);
    g_context->root_ca_file = NULL;
  }
  if (ca_file) {
    g_context->root_ca_file = gnutls_strdup(ca_file);
  }
  if (g_context->root_ca_path) {
    gnutls_free(g_context->root_ca_path);
    g_context->root_ca_path = NULL;
  }
  if (ca_path) {
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030306)
    g_context->root_ca_path = gnutls_strdup(ca_path);
#else
    coap_log_err("ca_path not supported in GnuTLS < 3.3.6\n");
#endif
  }
  return 1;
}
 
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_context_set_spsk(coap_context_t *c_context,
                           coap_dtls_spsk_t *setup_data
                          ) {
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      ((coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_context->dtls_context);
 
  if (!g_context || !setup_data)
    return 0;
 
  if (setup_data->ec_jpake) {
    coap_log_warn("GnuTLS has no EC-JPAKE support\n");
  }
  g_context->psk_pki_enabled |= IS_PSK;
  return 1;
}
#endif /* COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
 
#if COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_context_set_cpsk(coap_context_t *c_context,
                           coap_dtls_cpsk_t *setup_data
                          ) {
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      ((coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_context->dtls_context);
 
  if (!g_context || !setup_data)
    return 0;
 
  if (setup_data->ec_jpake) {
    coap_log_warn("GnuTLS has no EC-JPAKE support\n");
  }
  if (setup_data->use_cid) {
    coap_log_warn("GnuTLS has no Connection-ID support\n");
  }
  g_context->psk_pki_enabled |= IS_PSK;
  return 1;
}
#endif /* COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT */
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
int
coap_dtls_context_check_keys_enabled(coap_context_t *c_context) {
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      ((coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_context->dtls_context);
  return g_context->psk_pki_enabled ? 1 : 0;
}
 
void
coap_dtls_startup(void) {
  gnutls_global_set_audit_log_function(coap_gnutls_audit_log_func);
  gnutls_global_set_log_function(coap_gnutls_log_func);
}
 
void
coap_dtls_shutdown(void) {
  coap_dtls_set_log_level(COAP_LOG_EMERG);
}
 
void *
coap_dtls_get_tls(const coap_session_t *c_session,
                  coap_tls_library_t *tls_lib) {
  if (tls_lib)
    *tls_lib = COAP_TLS_LIBRARY_GNUTLS;
  if (c_session && c_session->tls) {
    const coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (const coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
 
    return g_env->g_session;
  }
  return NULL;
}
 
void
coap_dtls_set_log_level(coap_log_t level) {
  dtls_log_level = level;
  gnutls_global_set_log_level(dtls_log_level);
}
 
/*
 * return current logging level
 */
coap_log_t
coap_dtls_get_log_level(void) {
  return dtls_log_level;
}
 
/*
 * return +ve  new g_context
 *        NULL failure
 */
void *
coap_dtls_new_context(coap_context_t *c_context COAP_UNUSED) {
  const char *err;
  int ret;
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      (coap_gnutls_context_t *)
      gnutls_malloc(sizeof(coap_gnutls_context_t));
 
  if (g_context) {
    coap_tls_version_t *tls_version = coap_get_tls_library_version();
    const char *priority;
 
    G_CHECK(gnutls_global_init(), "gnutls_global_init");
    memset(g_context, 0, sizeof(coap_gnutls_context_t));
    g_context->alpn_proto.data = gnutls_malloc(4);
    if (g_context->alpn_proto.data) {
      memcpy(g_context->alpn_proto.data, "coap", 4);
      g_context->alpn_proto.size = 4;
    }
 
    if (tls_version->version >= 0x030606) {
      priority = VARIANTS_3_6_6;
    } else if (tls_version->version >= 0x030505) {
      priority = VARIANTS_3_5_5;
    } else {
      priority = VARIANTS_BASE;
    }
    ret = gnutls_priority_init(&g_context->priority_cache, priority, &err);
    if (ret != GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS) {
      if (ret == GNUTLS_E_INVALID_REQUEST)
        coap_log_warn("gnutls_priority_init: Syntax error at: %s\n", err);
      else
        coap_log_warn("gnutls_priority_init: %s\n", gnutls_strerror(ret));
      goto fail;
    }
  }
  return g_context;
 
fail:
  if (g_context)
    coap_dtls_free_context(g_context);
  return NULL;
}
 
void
coap_dtls_free_context(void *handle) {
  size_t i;
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context = (coap_gnutls_context_t *)handle;
 
  gnutls_free(g_context->alpn_proto.data);
  gnutls_free(g_context->root_ca_file);
  gnutls_free(g_context->root_ca_path);
  for (i = 0; i < g_context->pki_sni_count; i++) {
    gnutls_free(g_context->pki_sni_entry_list[i].sni);
    gnutls_certificate_free_credentials(
        g_context->pki_sni_entry_list[i].pki_credentials);
  }
  if (g_context->pki_sni_entry_list)
    gnutls_free(g_context->pki_sni_entry_list);
 
  for (i = 0; i < g_context->psk_sni_count; i++) {
    gnutls_free(g_context->psk_sni_entry_list[i].sni);
    /* YUK - A memory leak in 3.3.0 (fixed by 3.3.26) of hint */
    gnutls_psk_free_server_credentials(
        g_context->psk_sni_entry_list[i].psk_credentials);
  }
  if (g_context->psk_sni_entry_list)
    gnutls_free(g_context->psk_sni_entry_list);
 
  gnutls_priority_deinit(g_context->priority_cache);
 
  gnutls_global_deinit();
  gnutls_free(g_context);
}
 
#if COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT
/*
 * gnutls_psk_client_credentials_function return values
 * (see gnutls_psk_set_client_credentials_function())
 *
 * return -1 failed
 *         0 passed
 */
static int
psk_client_callback(gnutls_session_t g_session,
                    char **username, gnutls_datum_t *key) {
  coap_session_t *c_session =
      (coap_session_t *)gnutls_transport_get_ptr(g_session);
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context;
  coap_dtls_cpsk_t *setup_data;
  const char *hint = gnutls_psk_client_get_hint(g_session);
  coap_bin_const_t temp;
  const coap_bin_const_t *psk_key;
  const coap_bin_const_t *psk_identity;
  const coap_dtls_cpsk_info_t *cpsk_info;
 
  /* Initialize result parameters. */
  *username = NULL;
  key->data = NULL;
 
  if (c_session == NULL)
    return -1;
 
  g_context = (coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context;
  if (g_context == NULL)
    return -1;
 
  setup_data = &c_session->cpsk_setup_data;
 
  temp.s = hint ? (const uint8_t *)hint : (const uint8_t *)"";
  temp.length = strlen((const char *)temp.s);
  coap_session_refresh_psk_hint(c_session, &temp);
 
  coap_log_debug("got psk_identity_hint: '%.*s'\n", (int)temp.length,
                 (const char *)temp.s);
 
  if (setup_data->validate_ih_call_back) {
    coap_str_const_t lhint;
 
    lhint.length = temp.length;
    lhint.s = temp.s;
    coap_lock_callback_ret(cpsk_info, c_session->context,
                           setup_data->validate_ih_call_back(&lhint,
                                                             c_session,
                                                             setup_data->ih_call_back_arg));
 
    if (cpsk_info == NULL)
      return -1;
 
    coap_session_refresh_psk_identity(c_session, &cpsk_info->identity);
    coap_session_refresh_psk_key(c_session, &cpsk_info->key);
    psk_identity = &cpsk_info->identity;
    psk_key = &cpsk_info->key;
  } else {
    psk_identity = coap_get_session_client_psk_identity(c_session);
    psk_key = coap_get_session_client_psk_key(c_session);
  }
 
  if (psk_identity == NULL || psk_key == NULL) {
    coap_log_warn("no PSK available\n");
    return -1;
  }
 
  *username = gnutls_malloc(psk_identity->length+1);
  if (*username == NULL)
    return -1;
  memcpy(*username, psk_identity->s, psk_identity->length);
  (*username)[psk_identity->length] = '\000';
 
  key->data = gnutls_malloc(psk_key->length);
  if (key->data == NULL) {
    gnutls_free(*username);
    *username = NULL;
    return -1;
  }
  memcpy(key->data, psk_key->s, psk_key->length);
  key->size = psk_key->length;
  return 0;
}
#endif /* COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT */
 
typedef struct {
  gnutls_certificate_type_t certificate_type;
  char *san_or_cn;
  const gnutls_datum_t *cert_list;
  unsigned int cert_list_size;
  int self_signed; /* 1 if cert self-signed, 0 otherwise */
} coap_gnutls_certificate_info_t;
 
/*
 * return Type of certificate and SAN or CN if appropriate derived from
 *        certificate. GNUTLS_CRT_UNKNOWN if failure.
 */
static gnutls_certificate_type_t
get_san_or_cn(gnutls_session_t g_session,
              coap_gnutls_certificate_info_t *cert_info) {
  gnutls_x509_crt_t cert;
  char dn[256];
  size_t size;
  int n;
  char *cn;
  int ret;
 
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
  cert_info->certificate_type = gnutls_certificate_type_get2(g_session,
                                                             GNUTLS_CTYPE_PEERS);
#else /* < 3.6.6 */
  cert_info->certificate_type = gnutls_certificate_type_get(g_session);
#endif /* < 3.6.6 */
 
  cert_info->san_or_cn = NULL;
 
  cert_info->cert_list = gnutls_certificate_get_peers(g_session,
                                                      &cert_info->cert_list_size);
  if (cert_info->cert_list_size == 0) {
    return GNUTLS_CRT_UNKNOWN;
  }
 
  if (cert_info->certificate_type != GNUTLS_CRT_X509)
    return cert_info->certificate_type;
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_x509_crt_init(&cert), "gnutls_x509_crt_init");
 
  /* Interested only in first cert in chain */
  G_CHECK(gnutls_x509_crt_import(cert, &cert_info->cert_list[0],
                                 GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER), "gnutls_x509_crt_import");
 
  cert_info->self_signed = gnutls_x509_crt_check_issuer(cert, cert);
 
  size = sizeof(dn) -1;
  /* See if there is a Subject Alt Name first */
  ret = gnutls_x509_crt_get_subject_alt_name(cert, 0, dn, &size, NULL);
  if (ret >= 0) {
    dn[size] = '\000';
    gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(cert);
    cert_info->san_or_cn = gnutls_strdup(dn);
    return cert_info->certificate_type;
  }
 
  size = sizeof(dn);
  G_CHECK(gnutls_x509_crt_get_dn(cert, dn, &size), "gnutls_x509_crt_get_dn");
 
  gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(cert);
 
  /* Need to emulate strcasestr() here.  Looking for CN= */
  n = strlen(dn) - 3;
  cn = dn;
  while (n > 0) {
    if (((cn[0] == 'C') || (cn[0] == 'c')) &&
        ((cn[1] == 'N') || (cn[1] == 'n')) &&
        (cn[2] == '=')) {
      cn += 3;
      break;
    }
    cn++;
    n--;
  }
  if (n > 0) {
    char *ecn = strchr(cn, ',');
    if (ecn) {
      cn[ecn-cn] = '\000';
    }
    cert_info->san_or_cn = gnutls_strdup(cn);
    return cert_info->certificate_type;
  }
  return GNUTLS_CRT_UNKNOWN;
 
fail:
  return GNUTLS_CRT_UNKNOWN;
}
 
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
#define OUTPUT_CERT_NAME (cert_type == GNUTLS_CRT_X509 ? \
                          cert_info.san_or_cn : \
                          cert_type == GNUTLS_CRT_RAW ? \
                          COAP_DTLS_RPK_CERT_CN : "?")
#else /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
#define OUTPUT_CERT_NAME (cert_type == GNUTLS_CRT_X509 ? \
                          cert_info.san_or_cn : "?")
#endif /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
 
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
static int
check_rpk_cert(coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context,
               coap_gnutls_certificate_info_t *cert_info,
               coap_session_t *c_session) {
  int ret;
 
  if (g_context->setup_data.validate_cn_call_back) {
    gnutls_pcert_st pcert;
    uint8_t der[2048];
    size_t size;
 
    G_CHECK(gnutls_pcert_import_rawpk_raw(&pcert, &cert_info->cert_list[0],
                                          GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, 0, 0),
            "gnutls_pcert_import_rawpk_raw");
 
    size = sizeof(der);
    G_CHECK(gnutls_pubkey_export(pcert.pubkey, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, der, &size),
            "gnutls_pubkey_export");
    gnutls_pcert_deinit(&pcert);
    coap_lock_callback_ret(ret, c_session->context,
                           g_context->setup_data.validate_cn_call_back(COAP_DTLS_RPK_CERT_CN,
                               der,
                               size,
                               c_session,
                               0,
                               1,
                               g_context->setup_data.cn_call_back_arg));
    if (!ret) {
      return 0;
    }
  }
  return 1;
fail:
  return 0;
}
#endif /* >= 3.6.6 */
 
/*
 * return 0 failed
 *        1 passed
 */
static int
cert_verify_gnutls(gnutls_session_t g_session) {
  unsigned int status = 0;
  unsigned int fail = 0;
  coap_session_t *c_session =
      (coap_session_t *)gnutls_transport_get_ptr(g_session);
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      (coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context;
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
  int alert = GNUTLS_A_BAD_CERTIFICATE;
  int ret;
  coap_gnutls_certificate_info_t cert_info;
  gnutls_certificate_type_t cert_type;
 
  memset(&cert_info, 0, sizeof(cert_info));
  cert_type = get_san_or_cn(g_session, &cert_info);
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
  if (cert_type == GNUTLS_CRT_RAW) {
    if (!check_rpk_cert(g_context, &cert_info, c_session)) {
      alert = GNUTLS_A_ACCESS_DENIED;
      goto fail;
    }
    goto ok;
  }
#endif /* >= 3.6.6 */
 
  if (cert_info.cert_list_size == 0 && !g_context->setup_data.verify_peer_cert)
    goto ok;
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_certificate_verify_peers(g_session, NULL, 0, &status),
          "gnutls_certificate_verify_peers");
 
  if (status) {
    status &= ~(GNUTLS_CERT_INVALID);
    if (status & (GNUTLS_CERT_NOT_ACTIVATED|GNUTLS_CERT_EXPIRED)) {
      status &= ~(GNUTLS_CERT_NOT_ACTIVATED|GNUTLS_CERT_EXPIRED);
      if (g_context->setup_data.allow_expired_certs) {
        coap_log_info("   %s: %s: overridden: '%s'\n",
                      coap_session_str(c_session),
                      "The certificate has an invalid usage date",
                      OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
      } else {
        fail = 1;
        coap_log_warn("   %s: %s: '%s'\n",
                      coap_session_str(c_session),
                      "The certificate has an invalid usage date",
                      OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
      }
    }
    if (status & (GNUTLS_CERT_REVOCATION_DATA_SUPERSEDED|
                  GNUTLS_CERT_REVOCATION_DATA_ISSUED_IN_FUTURE)) {
      status &= ~(GNUTLS_CERT_REVOCATION_DATA_SUPERSEDED|
                  GNUTLS_CERT_REVOCATION_DATA_ISSUED_IN_FUTURE);
      if (g_context->setup_data.allow_expired_crl) {
        coap_log_info("   %s: %s: overridden: '%s'\n",
                      coap_session_str(c_session),
                      "The certificate's CRL entry has an invalid usage date",
                      OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
      } else {
        fail = 1;
        coap_log_warn("   %s: %s: '%s'\n",
                      coap_session_str(c_session),
                      "The certificate's CRL entry has an invalid usage date",
                      OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
      }
    }
    if (status & (GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_FOUND)) {
      status &= ~(GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_FOUND);
      if (cert_info.self_signed) {
        if (g_context->setup_data.allow_self_signed &&
            !g_context->setup_data.check_common_ca) {
          coap_log_info("   %s: %s: overridden: '%s'\n",
                        coap_session_str(c_session),
                        "Self-signed",
                        OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
        } else {
          fail = 1;
          alert = GNUTLS_A_UNKNOWN_CA;
          coap_log_warn("   %s: %s: '%s'\n",
                        coap_session_str(c_session),
                        "Self-signed",
                        OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
        }
      } else {
        if (!g_context->setup_data.verify_peer_cert) {
          coap_log_info("   %s: %s: overridden: '%s'\n",
                        coap_session_str(c_session),
                        "The peer certificate's CA is unknown",
                        OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
        } else {
          fail = 1;
          alert = GNUTLS_A_UNKNOWN_CA;
          coap_log_warn("   %s: %s: '%s'\n",
                        coap_session_str(c_session),
                        "The peer certificate's CA is unknown",
                        OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
        }
      }
    }
    if (status & (GNUTLS_CERT_INSECURE_ALGORITHM)) {
      status &= ~(GNUTLS_CERT_INSECURE_ALGORITHM);
      fail = 1;
      coap_log_warn("   %s: %s: '%s'\n",
                    coap_session_str(c_session),
                    "The certificate uses an insecure algorithm",
                    OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
    }
 
    if (status) {
      fail = 1;
      coap_log_warn("   %s: gnutls_certificate_verify_peers() status 0x%x: '%s'\n",
                    coap_session_str(c_session),
                    status, OUTPUT_CERT_NAME);
    }
  }
 
  if (fail)
    goto fail;
 
  if (g_context->setup_data.validate_cn_call_back) {
    gnutls_x509_crt_t cert;
    uint8_t der[2048];
    size_t size;
    /* status == 0 indicates that the certificate passed to
     *  setup_data.validate_cn_call_back has been validated. */
    const int cert_is_trusted = !status;
 
    G_CHECK(gnutls_x509_crt_init(&cert), "gnutls_x509_crt_init");
 
    /* Interested only in first cert in chain */
    G_CHECK(gnutls_x509_crt_import(cert, &cert_info.cert_list[0],
                                   GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER), "gnutls_x509_crt_import");
 
    size = sizeof(der);
    G_CHECK(gnutls_x509_crt_export(cert, GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, der, &size),
            "gnutls_x509_crt_export");
    gnutls_x509_crt_deinit(cert);
    coap_lock_callback_ret(ret, c_session->context,
                           g_context->setup_data.validate_cn_call_back(OUTPUT_CERT_NAME,
                               der,
                               size,
                               c_session,
                               0,
                               cert_is_trusted,
                               g_context->setup_data.cn_call_back_arg));
    if (!ret) {
      alert = GNUTLS_A_ACCESS_DENIED;
      goto fail;
    }
  }
 
  if (g_context->setup_data.additional_tls_setup_call_back) {
    /* Additional application setup wanted */
    if (!g_context->setup_data.additional_tls_setup_call_back(g_session,
                                                              &g_context->setup_data)) {
      goto fail;
    }
  }
 
ok:
  if (cert_info.san_or_cn)
    gnutls_free(cert_info.san_or_cn);
 
  return 1;
 
fail:
  if (cert_info.san_or_cn)
    gnutls_free(cert_info.san_or_cn);
 
  if (!g_env->sent_alert) {
    G_ACTION(gnutls_alert_send(g_session, GNUTLS_AL_FATAL, alert));
    g_env->sent_alert = 1;
  }
  c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
  return 0;
}
 
/*
 * gnutls_certificate_verify_function return values
 * (see gnutls_certificate_set_verify_function())
 *
 * return -1 failed
 *         0 passed
 */
static int
cert_verify_callback_gnutls(gnutls_session_t g_session) {
  if (gnutls_auth_get_type(g_session) == GNUTLS_CRD_CERTIFICATE) {
    if (cert_verify_gnutls(g_session) == 0) {
      return -1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
 
#ifndef min
#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#endif
 
static int
pin_callback(void *user_data, int attempt,
             const char *token_url COAP_UNUSED,
             const char *token_label COAP_UNUSED,
             unsigned int flags COAP_UNUSED,
             char *pin,
             size_t pin_max) {
  coap_dtls_key_t *key = (coap_dtls_key_t *)user_data;
 
  /* Only do this on first attempt to prevent token lockout */
  if (attempt == 0 && key && key->key.define.user_pin) {
    int len = min(pin_max - 1, strlen(key->key.define.user_pin));
 
    memcpy(pin, key->key.define.user_pin, len);
    pin[len] = 0;
    return 0;
  }
  return -1;
}
 
static int
check_null_memory(gnutls_datum_t *datum,
                  const uint8_t *buf, size_t len, int *alloced) {
  datum->size = len;
  *alloced = 0;
  if (buf[len-1] != '\000') {
    /* Need to allocate memory, rather than just copying pointers across */
    *alloced = 1;
    datum->data = gnutls_malloc(len + 1);
    if (!datum->data) {
      coap_log_err("gnutls_malloc failure\n");
      return GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;
    }
    memcpy(datum->data, buf, len);
    datum->data[len] = '\000';
    datum->size++;
  } else {
    /* To get around const issue */
    memcpy(&datum->data,
           &buf, sizeof(datum->data));
  }
  return 0;
}
 
/*
 * return 0   Success (GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS)
 *        neg GNUTLS_E_* error code
 */
static int
setup_pki_credentials(gnutls_certificate_credentials_t *pki_credentials,
                      gnutls_session_t g_session,
                      coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context,
                      coap_dtls_pki_t *setup_data, coap_dtls_role_t role) {
  coap_dtls_key_t key;
  int ret;
  gnutls_datum_t cert;
  gnutls_datum_t pkey;
  gnutls_datum_t ca;
  int alloced_cert_memory = 0;
  int alloced_pkey_memory = 0;
  int alloced_ca_memory = 0;
  int have_done_key = 0;
 
  /* Map over to the new define format to save code duplication */
  coap_dtls_map_key_type_to_define(setup_data, &key);
 
  assert(key.key_type == COAP_PKI_KEY_DEFINE);
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_certificate_allocate_credentials(pki_credentials),
          "gnutls_certificate_allocate_credentials");
 
  /*
   * Configure the Private Key
   */
  if (key.key.define.private_key.u_byte &&
      key.key.define.private_key.u_byte[0]) {
    switch (key.key.define.private_key_def) {
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PEM: /* define private key */
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PEM_BUF: /* define private key */
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_DER: /* define private key */
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_DER_BUF: /* define private key */
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PKCS11: /* define private key */
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PKCS11_RPK: /* define private key */
      /* Handled under public key */
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_RPK_BUF: /* define private key */
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
      /* Handled under public key */
      break;
#else /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
      coap_log_err("RPK Support not available (needs gnutls 3.6.6 or later)\n");
      return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PRIVATE,
                                    COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_NOT_SUPPORTED,
                                    &key, role, GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS);
#endif /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_ENGINE: /* define private key */
    default:
      return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PRIVATE,
                                    COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_NOT_SUPPORTED,
                                    &key, role, GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS);
    }
  } else if (role == COAP_DTLS_ROLE_SERVER ||
             (key.key.define.public_cert.u_byte &&
              key.key.define.public_cert.u_byte[0])) {
    return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PRIVATE,
                                  COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_NONE,
                                  &key, role, GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS);
  }
 
  /*
   * Configure the Public Certificate / Key
   */
  if (key.key.define.public_cert.u_byte &&
      key.key.define.public_cert.u_byte[0]) {
    /* Both Public and Private keys are handled here and MUST be the same type */
    if (!(key.key.define.private_key.s_byte &&
          key.key.define.private_key.s_byte[0] &&
          key.key.define.private_key_def == key.key.define.public_cert_def)) {
      return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PRIVATE,
                                    COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_NONE,
                                    &key, role, GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS);
    }
    switch (key.key.define.public_cert_def) {
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PEM: /* define public cert */
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_key_file(*pki_credentials,
                                                      key.key.define.public_cert.s_byte,
                                                      key.key.define.private_key.s_byte,
                                                      GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM) < 0)) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PEM_BUF: /* define public cert */
      if ((ret = check_null_memory(&cert,
                                   key.key.define.public_cert.u_byte,
                                   key.key.define.public_cert_len,
                                   &alloced_cert_memory)) < 0) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if ((ret = check_null_memory(&pkey,
                                   key.key.define.private_key.u_byte,
                                   key.key.define.private_key_len,
                                   &alloced_pkey_memory)) < 0) {
        if (alloced_cert_memory)
          gnutls_free(cert.data);
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PRIVATE,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_key_mem(*pki_credentials,
                                                     &cert,
                                                     &pkey,
                                                     GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM)) < 0) {
        if (alloced_cert_memory)
          gnutls_free(cert.data);
        if (alloced_pkey_memory)
          gnutls_free(pkey.data);
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if (alloced_cert_memory)
        gnutls_free(cert.data);
      if (alloced_pkey_memory)
        gnutls_free(pkey.data);
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_RPK_BUF: /* define public cert */
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
      if ((ret = check_null_memory(&cert,
                                   key.key.define.public_cert.u_byte,
                                   key.key.define.public_cert_len,
                                   &alloced_cert_memory)) < 0) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if ((ret = check_null_memory(&pkey,
                                   key.key.define.private_key.u_byte,
                                   key.key.define.private_key_len,
                                   &alloced_pkey_memory)) < 0) {
        if (alloced_cert_memory)
          gnutls_free(cert.data);
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PRIVATE,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if (strstr((char *)pkey.data, "-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----")) {
        gnutls_datum_t der_private;
 
        if (gnutls_pem_base64_decode2("EC PRIVATE KEY", &pkey,
                                      &der_private) == 0) {
          coap_binary_t *spki = get_asn1_spki(der_private.data,
                                              der_private.size);
 
          if (spki) {
            gnutls_datum_t tspki;
 
            tspki.data = spki->s;
            tspki.size = spki->length;
            ret = gnutls_certificate_set_rawpk_key_mem(*pki_credentials,
                                                       &tspki,
                                                       &der_private,
                                                       GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER, NULL,
                                                       COAP_GNUTLS_KEY_RPK,
                                                       NULL, 0, 0);
            if (ret >= 0) {
              have_done_key = 1;
            }
            coap_delete_binary(spki);
          }
          gnutls_free(der_private.data);
        }
      }
      if (!have_done_key) {
        if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_rawpk_key_mem(*pki_credentials,
                                                        &cert,
                                                        &pkey,
                                                        GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM, NULL,
                                                        COAP_GNUTLS_KEY_RPK,
                                                        NULL, 0, 0)) < 0) {
          if (alloced_cert_memory)
            gnutls_free(cert.data);
          if (alloced_pkey_memory)
            gnutls_free(pkey.data);
          return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                        COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                        &key, role, GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS);
        }
      }
      if (alloced_cert_memory)
        gnutls_free(cert.data);
      if (alloced_pkey_memory)
        gnutls_free(pkey.data);
      break;
#else /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
      coap_log_err("RPK Support not available (needs gnutls 3.6.6 or later)\n");
      return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                    COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_NOT_SUPPORTED,
                                    &key, role, GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS);
#endif /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_DER: /* define public cert */
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_key_file(*pki_credentials,
                                                      key.key.define.public_cert.s_byte,
                                                      key.key.define.private_key.s_byte,
                                                      GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER) < 0)) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_DER_BUF: /* define public cert */
      if ((ret = check_null_memory(&cert,
                                   key.key.define.public_cert.u_byte,
                                   key.key.define.public_cert_len,
                                   &alloced_cert_memory)) < 0) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if ((ret = check_null_memory(&pkey,
                                   key.key.define.private_key.u_byte,
                                   key.key.define.private_key_len,
                                   &alloced_pkey_memory)) < 0) {
        if (alloced_cert_memory)
          gnutls_free(cert.data);
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PRIVATE,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_key_mem(*pki_credentials,
                                                     &cert,
                                                     &pkey,
                                                     GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER)) < 0) {
        if (alloced_cert_memory)
          gnutls_free(cert.data);
        if (alloced_pkey_memory)
          gnutls_free(pkey.data);
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PRIVATE,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_NONE,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if (alloced_cert_memory)
        gnutls_free(cert.data);
      if (alloced_pkey_memory)
        gnutls_free(pkey.data);
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PKCS11: /* define public cert */
      gnutls_pkcs11_set_pin_function(pin_callback, &setup_data->pki_key);
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_key_file(*pki_credentials,
                                                      key.key.define.public_cert.s_byte,
                                                      key.key.define.private_key.s_byte,
                                                      GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER)) < 0) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PKCS11_RPK: /* define public cert */
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
      gnutls_pkcs11_set_pin_function(pin_callback, setup_data);
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_rawpk_key_file(*pki_credentials,
                                                       key.key.define.public_cert.s_byte,
                                                       key.key.define.private_key.s_byte,
                                                       GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM, NULL,
                                                       COAP_GNUTLS_KEY_RPK,
                                                       NULL, 0, GNUTLS_PKCS_PLAIN, 0))) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
#else /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
      coap_log_err("RPK Support not available (needs gnutls 3.6.6 or later)\n");
      return GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS;
#endif /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x030606 */
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_ENGINE: /* define public cert */
    default:
      return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_PUBLIC,
                                    COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_NOT_SUPPORTED,
                                    &key, role, GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS);
    }
  }
 
  /*
   * Configure the CA
   */
  if (setup_data->check_common_ca && key.key.define.ca.u_byte &&
      key.key.define.ca.u_byte[0]) {
    switch (key.key.define.ca_def) {
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PEM:
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_file(*pki_credentials,
                                                        key.key.define.ca.s_byte,
                                                        GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM) < 0)) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_CA,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PEM_BUF: /* define ca */
      if ((ret = check_null_memory(&ca,
                                   key.key.define.ca.u_byte,
                                   key.key.define.ca_len,
                                   &alloced_ca_memory)) < 0) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_CA,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_mem(*pki_credentials,
                                                       &ca,
                                                       GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM)) < 0) {
        if (alloced_ca_memory)
          gnutls_free(ca.data);
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_CA,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if (alloced_ca_memory)
        gnutls_free(ca.data);
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_RPK_BUF: /* define ca */
      /* Ignore if set */
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_DER: /* define ca */
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_file(*pki_credentials,
                                                        key.key.define.ca.s_byte,
                                                        GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER) < 0)) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_CA,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_DER_BUF: /* define ca */
      if ((ret = check_null_memory(&ca,
                                   key.key.define.ca.u_byte,
                                   key.key.define.ca_len,
                                   &alloced_ca_memory)) < 0) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_CA,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_mem(*pki_credentials,
                                                       &ca,
                                                       GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER)) <= 0) {
        if (alloced_ca_memory)
          gnutls_free(ca.data);
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_CA,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      if (alloced_ca_memory)
        gnutls_free(ca.data);
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PKCS11: /* define ca */
      if ((ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_file(*pki_credentials,
                                                        key.key.define.ca.s_byte,
                                                        GNUTLS_X509_FMT_DER)) <= 0) {
        return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_CA,
                                      COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_BAD,
                                      &key, role, ret);
      }
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_PKCS11_RPK: /* define ca */
      /* Ignore if set */
      break;
    case COAP_PKI_KEY_DEF_ENGINE: /* define ca */
    default:
      return coap_dtls_define_issue(COAP_DEFINE_KEY_CA,
                                    COAP_DEFINE_FAIL_NOT_SUPPORTED,
                                    &key, role, GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS);
    }
  }
 
  if (g_context->root_ca_file) {
    ret = gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_file(*pki_credentials,
                                                 g_context->root_ca_file,
                                                 GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM);
    if (ret == 0) {
      coap_log_warn("gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_file: Root CA: No certificates found\n");
    }
  }
  if (g_context->root_ca_path) {
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030306)
    G_CHECK(gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_dir(*pki_credentials,
                                                  g_context->root_ca_path,
                                                  GNUTLS_X509_FMT_PEM),
            "gnutls_certificate_set_x509_trust_dir");
#endif
  }
  gnutls_certificate_send_x509_rdn_sequence(g_session,
                                            setup_data->check_common_ca ? 0 : 1);
  if (!(g_context->psk_pki_enabled & IS_PKI)) {
    /* No PKI defined at all - still need a trust set up for 3.6.0 or later */
    G_CHECK(gnutls_certificate_set_x509_system_trust(*pki_credentials),
            "gnutls_certificate_set_x509_system_trust");
  }
 
  /* Verify Peer */
  gnutls_certificate_set_verify_function(*pki_credentials,
                                         cert_verify_callback_gnutls);
 
  /* Cert chain checking (can raise GNUTLS_E_CONSTRAINT_ERROR) */
  if (setup_data->cert_chain_validation) {
    gnutls_certificate_set_verify_limits(*pki_credentials,
                                         0,
                                         setup_data->cert_chain_verify_depth + 2);
  }
 
  /*
   * Check for self signed
   *           CRL checking (can raise GNUTLS_CERT_MISSING_OCSP_STATUS)
   */
  gnutls_certificate_set_verify_flags(*pki_credentials,
                                      (setup_data->check_cert_revocation == 0 ?
                                       GNUTLS_VERIFY_DISABLE_CRL_CHECKS : 0)
                                     );
 
  return GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS;
 
fail:
  return ret;
}
 
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
/*
 * return 0   Success (GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS)
 *        neg GNUTLS_E_* error code
 */
static int
setup_psk_credentials(gnutls_psk_server_credentials_t *psk_credentials,
                      coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context COAP_UNUSED,
                      coap_dtls_spsk_t *setup_data) {
  int ret;
  char hint[COAP_DTLS_HINT_LENGTH];
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_psk_allocate_server_credentials(psk_credentials),
          "gnutls_psk_allocate_server_credentials");
  gnutls_psk_set_server_credentials_function(*psk_credentials,
                                             psk_server_callback);
  if (setup_data->psk_info.hint.s) {
    snprintf(hint, sizeof(hint), "%.*s", (int)setup_data->psk_info.hint.length,
             setup_data->psk_info.hint.s);
    G_CHECK(gnutls_psk_set_server_credentials_hint(*psk_credentials, hint),
            "gnutls_psk_set_server_credentials_hint");
  }
 
  return GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS;
 
fail:
  return ret;
}
 
/*
 * return 0   Success (GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS)
 *        neg GNUTLS_E_* error code
 */
static int
post_client_hello_gnutls_psk(gnutls_session_t g_session) {
  coap_session_t *c_session =
      (coap_session_t *)gnutls_transport_get_ptr(g_session);
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      (coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context;
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
  int ret = GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS;
  char *name = NULL;
 
  if (c_session->context->spsk_setup_data.validate_sni_call_back) {
    coap_dtls_spsk_t sni_setup_data;
    /* DNS names (only type supported) may be at most 256 byte long */
    size_t len = 256;
    unsigned int type;
    unsigned int i;
 
    name = gnutls_malloc(len);
    if (name == NULL)
      return GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;
 
    for (i=0; ;) {
      ret = gnutls_server_name_get(g_session, name, &len, &type, i);
      if (ret == GNUTLS_E_SHORT_MEMORY_BUFFER) {
        char *new_name;
        new_name = gnutls_realloc(name, len);
        if (new_name == NULL) {
          ret = GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;
          goto end;
        }
        name = new_name;
        continue; /* retry call with same index */
      }
 
      /* check if it is the last entry in list */
      if (ret == GNUTLS_E_REQUESTED_DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE)
        break;
      i++;
      if (ret != GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS)
        goto end;
      /* unknown types need to be ignored */
      if (type != GNUTLS_NAME_DNS)
        continue;
 
    }
    /* If no extension provided, make it a dummy entry */
    if (i == 0) {
      name[0] = '\000';
      len = 0;
    }
 
    /* Is this a cached entry? */
    for (i = 0; i < g_context->psk_sni_count; i++) {
      if (strcasecmp(name, g_context->psk_sni_entry_list[i].sni) == 0) {
        break;
      }
    }
    if (i == g_context->psk_sni_count) {
      /*
       * New SNI request
       */
      const coap_dtls_spsk_info_t *new_entry;
 
      coap_lock_callback_ret(new_entry, c_session->context,
                             c_session->context->spsk_setup_data.validate_sni_call_back(name,
                                 c_session,
                                 c_session->context->spsk_setup_data.sni_call_back_arg));
      if (!new_entry) {
        G_ACTION(gnutls_alert_send(g_session, GNUTLS_AL_FATAL,
                                   GNUTLS_A_UNRECOGNIZED_NAME));
        g_env->sent_alert = 1;
        ret = GNUTLS_E_NO_CERTIFICATE_FOUND;
        goto end;
      }
 
      g_context->psk_sni_entry_list =
          gnutls_realloc(g_context->psk_sni_entry_list,
                         (i+1)*sizeof(psk_sni_entry));
      g_context->psk_sni_entry_list[i].sni = gnutls_strdup(name);
      g_context->psk_sni_entry_list[i].psk_info = *new_entry;
      sni_setup_data = c_session->context->spsk_setup_data;
      sni_setup_data.psk_info = *new_entry;
      if ((ret = setup_psk_credentials(
                     &g_context->psk_sni_entry_list[i].psk_credentials,
                     g_context,
                     &sni_setup_data)) < 0) {
        int keep_ret = ret;
        G_ACTION(gnutls_alert_send(g_session, GNUTLS_AL_FATAL,
                                   GNUTLS_A_BAD_CERTIFICATE));
        g_env->sent_alert = 1;
        ret = keep_ret;
        goto end;
      }
      g_context->psk_sni_count++;
    }
    G_CHECK(gnutls_credentials_set(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_CRD_PSK,
                                   g_context->psk_sni_entry_list[i].psk_credentials),
            "gnutls_credentials_set");
    coap_session_refresh_psk_hint(c_session,
                                  &g_context->psk_sni_entry_list[i].psk_info.hint);
    coap_session_refresh_psk_key(c_session,
                                 &g_context->psk_sni_entry_list[i].psk_info.key);
  }
 
end:
  free(name);
  return ret;
 
fail:
  return ret;
}
 
/*
 * return 0   Success (GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS)
 *        neg GNUTLS_E_* error code
 */
static int
post_client_hello_gnutls_pki(gnutls_session_t g_session) {
  coap_session_t *c_session =
      (coap_session_t *)gnutls_transport_get_ptr(g_session);
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      (coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context;
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
  int ret = GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS;
  char *name = NULL;
 
  if (g_context->setup_data.validate_sni_call_back) {
    /* DNS names (only type supported) may be at most 256 byte long */
    size_t len = 256;
    unsigned int type;
    unsigned int i;
    coap_dtls_pki_t sni_setup_data;
 
    name = gnutls_malloc(len);
    if (name == NULL)
      return GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;
 
    for (i=0; ;) {
      ret = gnutls_server_name_get(g_session, name, &len, &type, i);
      if (ret == GNUTLS_E_SHORT_MEMORY_BUFFER) {
        char *new_name;
        new_name = gnutls_realloc(name, len);
        if (new_name == NULL) {
          ret = GNUTLS_E_MEMORY_ERROR;
          goto end;
        }
        name = new_name;
        continue; /* retry call with same index */
      }
 
      /* check if it is the last entry in list */
      if (ret == GNUTLS_E_REQUESTED_DATA_NOT_AVAILABLE)
        break;
      i++;
      if (ret != GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS)
        goto end;
      /* unknown types need to be ignored */
      if (type != GNUTLS_NAME_DNS)
        continue;
 
    }
    /* If no extension provided, make it a dummy entry */
    if (i == 0) {
      name[0] = '\000';
      len = 0;
    }
 
    /* Is this a cached entry? */
    for (i = 0; i < g_context->pki_sni_count; i++) {
      if (strcasecmp(name, g_context->pki_sni_entry_list[i].sni) == 0) {
        break;
      }
    }
    if (i == g_context->pki_sni_count) {
      /*
       * New SNI request
       */
      coap_dtls_key_t *new_entry;
 
      coap_lock_callback_ret(new_entry, c_session->context,
                             g_context->setup_data.validate_sni_call_back(name,
                                 g_context->setup_data.sni_call_back_arg));
      if (!new_entry) {
        G_ACTION(gnutls_alert_send(g_session, GNUTLS_AL_FATAL,
                                   GNUTLS_A_UNRECOGNIZED_NAME));
        g_env->sent_alert = 1;
        ret = GNUTLS_E_NO_CERTIFICATE_FOUND;
        goto end;
      }
 
      g_context->pki_sni_entry_list = gnutls_realloc(
                                          g_context->pki_sni_entry_list,
                                          (i+1)*sizeof(pki_sni_entry));
      g_context->pki_sni_entry_list[i].sni = gnutls_strdup(name);
      g_context->pki_sni_entry_list[i].pki_key = *new_entry;
      sni_setup_data = g_context->setup_data;
      sni_setup_data.pki_key = *new_entry;
      if ((ret = setup_pki_credentials(&g_context->pki_sni_entry_list[i].pki_credentials,
                                       g_session,
                                       g_context,
                                       &sni_setup_data, COAP_DTLS_ROLE_SERVER)) < 0) {
        int keep_ret = ret;
        G_ACTION(gnutls_alert_send(g_session, GNUTLS_AL_FATAL,
                                   GNUTLS_A_BAD_CERTIFICATE));
        g_env->sent_alert = 1;
        ret = keep_ret;
        goto end;
      }
      g_context->pki_sni_count++;
    }
    G_CHECK(gnutls_credentials_set(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_CRD_CERTIFICATE,
                                   g_context->pki_sni_entry_list[i].pki_credentials),
            "gnutls_credentials_set");
  }
 
end:
  free(name);
  return ret;
 
fail:
  return ret;
}
#endif /* COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
 
#if COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT
/*
 * return 0   Success (GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS)
 *        neg GNUTLS_E_* error code
 */
static int
setup_client_ssl_session(coap_session_t *c_session, coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env) {
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      (coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context;
  int ret;
 
  g_context->psk_pki_enabled |= IS_CLIENT;
  if (g_context->psk_pki_enabled & IS_PSK) {
    coap_dtls_cpsk_t *setup_data = &c_session->cpsk_setup_data;
    G_CHECK(gnutls_psk_allocate_client_credentials(&g_env->psk_cl_credentials),
            "gnutls_psk_allocate_client_credentials");
    gnutls_psk_set_client_credentials_function(g_env->psk_cl_credentials,
                                               psk_client_callback);
    G_CHECK(gnutls_credentials_set(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_CRD_PSK,
                                   g_env->psk_cl_credentials),
            "gnutls_credentials_set");
    /* Issue SNI if requested */
    if (setup_data->client_sni) {
      G_CHECK(gnutls_server_name_set(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_NAME_DNS,
                                     setup_data->client_sni,
                                     strlen(setup_data->client_sni)),
              "gnutls_server_name_set");
    }
    if (setup_data->validate_ih_call_back) {
      const char *err;
      coap_tls_version_t *tls_version = coap_get_tls_library_version();
 
      if (tls_version->version >= 0x030604) {
        /* Disable TLS1.3 if Identity Hint Callback set */
        const char *priority;
 
        if (tls_version->version >= 0x030606) {
          priority = VARIANTS_NO_TLS13_3_6_6;
        } else {
          priority = VARIANTS_NO_TLS13_3_6_4;
        }
        ret = gnutls_priority_set_direct(g_env->g_session,
                                         priority, &err);
        if (ret < 0) {
          if (ret == GNUTLS_E_INVALID_REQUEST)
            coap_log_warn("gnutls_priority_set_direct: Syntax error at: %s\n", err);
          else
            coap_log_warn("gnutls_priority_set_direct: %s\n", gnutls_strerror(ret));
          goto fail;
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  if ((g_context->psk_pki_enabled & IS_PKI) ||
      (g_context->psk_pki_enabled & (IS_PSK | IS_PKI)) == 0) {
    /*
     * If neither PSK or PKI have been set up, use PKI basics.
     * This works providing COAP_PKI_KEY_PEM has a value of 0.
     */
    coap_dtls_pki_t *setup_data = &g_context->setup_data;
    G_CHECK(setup_pki_credentials(&g_env->pki_credentials, g_env->g_session,
                                  g_context, setup_data,
                                  COAP_DTLS_ROLE_CLIENT),
            "setup_pki_credentials");
 
    G_CHECK(gnutls_credentials_set(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_CRD_CERTIFICATE,
                                   g_env->pki_credentials),
            "gnutls_credentials_set");
 
    if (c_session->proto == COAP_PROTO_TLS)
      G_CHECK(gnutls_alpn_set_protocols(g_env->g_session,
                                        &g_context->alpn_proto, 1, 0),
              "gnutls_alpn_set_protocols");
 
    /* Issue SNI if requested (only happens if PKI defined) */
    if (setup_data->client_sni) {
      G_CHECK(gnutls_server_name_set(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_NAME_DNS,
                                     setup_data->client_sni,
                                     strlen(setup_data->client_sni)),
              "gnutls_server_name_set");
    }
  }
  return GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS;
 
fail:
  return ret;
}
#endif /* COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT */
 
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
/*
 * gnutls_psk_server_credentials_function return values
 * (see gnutls_psk_set_server_credentials_function())
 *
 * return -1 failed
 *         0 passed
 */
static int
psk_server_callback(gnutls_session_t g_session,
                    const char *identity,
                    gnutls_datum_t *key) {
  coap_session_t *c_session =
      (coap_session_t *)gnutls_transport_get_ptr(g_session);
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context;
  coap_dtls_spsk_t *setup_data;
  coap_bin_const_t lidentity;
  const coap_bin_const_t *psk_key;
 
  if (c_session == NULL)
    return -1;
 
  g_context = (coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context;
  if (g_context == NULL)
    return -1;
  setup_data = &c_session->context->spsk_setup_data;
 
 
  /* Track the Identity being used */
  lidentity.s = identity ? (const uint8_t *)identity : (const uint8_t *)"";
  lidentity.length = strlen((const char *)lidentity.s);
  coap_session_refresh_psk_identity(c_session, &lidentity);
 
  coap_log_debug("got psk_identity: '%.*s'\n",
                 (int)lidentity.length, (const char *)lidentity.s);
 
  if (setup_data->validate_id_call_back) {
    psk_key = setup_data->validate_id_call_back(&lidentity,
                                                c_session,
                                                setup_data->id_call_back_arg);
 
    coap_session_refresh_psk_key(c_session, psk_key);
  } else {
    psk_key = coap_get_session_server_psk_key(c_session);
  }
 
  if (psk_key == NULL)
    return -1;
 
  key->data = gnutls_malloc(psk_key->length);
  if (key->data == NULL)
    return -1;
  memcpy(key->data, psk_key->s, psk_key->length);
  key->size = psk_key->length;
  return 0;
}
 
/*
 * return 0   Success (GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS)
 *        neg GNUTLS_E_* error code
 */
static int
setup_server_ssl_session(coap_session_t *c_session, coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env) {
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      (coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context;
  int ret = GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS;
 
  g_context->psk_pki_enabled |= IS_SERVER;
  if (g_context->psk_pki_enabled & IS_PSK) {
    G_CHECK(setup_psk_credentials(
                &g_env->psk_sv_credentials,
                g_context,
                &c_session->context->spsk_setup_data),
            "setup_psk_credentials\n");
    G_CHECK(gnutls_credentials_set(g_env->g_session,
                                   GNUTLS_CRD_PSK,
                                   g_env->psk_sv_credentials),
            "gnutls_credentials_set\n");
    gnutls_handshake_set_post_client_hello_function(g_env->g_session,
                                                    post_client_hello_gnutls_psk);
  }
 
  if (g_context->psk_pki_enabled & IS_PKI) {
    coap_dtls_pki_t *setup_data = &g_context->setup_data;
    G_CHECK(setup_pki_credentials(&g_env->pki_credentials, g_env->g_session,
                                  g_context, setup_data,
                                  COAP_DTLS_ROLE_SERVER),
            "setup_pki_credentials");
 
    if (setup_data->verify_peer_cert) {
      gnutls_certificate_server_set_request(g_env->g_session,
                                            GNUTLS_CERT_REQUIRE);
    } else if (setup_data->is_rpk_not_cert) {
      gnutls_certificate_server_set_request(g_env->g_session,
                                            GNUTLS_CERT_REQUEST);
    } else {
      gnutls_certificate_server_set_request(g_env->g_session,
                                            GNUTLS_CERT_IGNORE);
    }
 
    gnutls_handshake_set_post_client_hello_function(g_env->g_session,
                                                    post_client_hello_gnutls_pki);
 
    G_CHECK(gnutls_credentials_set(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_CRD_CERTIFICATE,
                                   g_env->pki_credentials),
            "gnutls_credentials_set\n");
  }
  return GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS;
 
fail:
  return ret;
}
#endif /* COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
 
/*
 * return +ve data amount
 *        0   no more
 *        -1  error (error in errno)
 */
static ssize_t
coap_dgram_read(gnutls_transport_ptr_t context, void *out, size_t outl) {
  ssize_t ret = 0;
  coap_session_t *c_session = (coap_session_t *)context;
  coap_ssl_t *data;
 
  if (!c_session->tls) {
    errno = EAGAIN;
    return -1;
  }
  data = &((coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls)->coap_ssl_data;
 
  if (out != NULL) {
    if (data != NULL && data->pdu_len > 0) {
      if (outl < data->pdu_len) {
        memcpy(out, data->pdu, outl);
        ret = outl;
        if (!data->peekmode) {
          data->pdu += outl;
          data->pdu_len -= outl;
        }
      } else {
        memcpy(out, data->pdu, data->pdu_len);
        ret = data->pdu_len;
        if (!data->peekmode) {
          data->pdu_len = 0;
          data->pdu = NULL;
        }
      }
    } else {
      errno = EAGAIN;
      ret = -1;
    }
  }
  return ret;
}
 
/*
 * return +ve data amount
 *        0   no more
 *        -1  error (error in errno)
 */
/* callback function given to gnutls for sending data over socket */
static ssize_t
coap_dgram_write(gnutls_transport_ptr_t context, const void *send_buffer,
                 size_t send_buffer_length) {
  ssize_t result = -1;
  coap_session_t *c_session = (coap_session_t *)context;
 
  if (c_session) {
    if (!coap_netif_available(c_session)
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
        && c_session->endpoint == NULL
#endif /* COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
       ) {
      /* socket was closed on client due to error */
      errno = ECONNRESET;
      return -1;
    }
    result = c_session->sock.lfunc[COAP_LAYER_TLS].l_write(c_session,
                                                           send_buffer, send_buffer_length);
    if (result != (int)send_buffer_length) {
      int keep_errno = errno;
 
      coap_log_warn("coap_netif_dgrm_write failed (%zd != %zu)\n",
                    result, send_buffer_length);
      errno = keep_errno;
      if (result < 0) {
        return -1;
      } else {
        result = 0;
      }
    }
  } else {
    result = 0;
  }
  return result;
}
 
/*
 * return 1  fd has activity
 *        0  timeout
 *        -1 error (error in errno)
 */
static int
receive_timeout(gnutls_transport_ptr_t context, unsigned int ms COAP_UNUSED) {
  coap_session_t *c_session = (coap_session_t *)context;
 
  if (c_session) {
    fd_set readfds, writefds, exceptfds;
    struct timeval tv;
    int nfds = c_session->sock.fd +1;
    coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
 
    /* If data has been read in by libcoap ahead of GnuTLS, say it is there */
    if (c_session->proto == COAP_PROTO_DTLS && g_env &&
        g_env->coap_ssl_data.pdu_len > 0) {
      return 1;
    }
 
    FD_ZERO(&readfds);
    FD_ZERO(&writefds);
    FD_ZERO(&exceptfds);
    FD_SET(c_session->sock.fd, &readfds);
    if (!(g_env && g_env->doing_dtls_timeout)) {
      FD_SET(c_session->sock.fd, &writefds);
      FD_SET(c_session->sock.fd, &exceptfds);
    }
    /* Polling */
    tv.tv_sec = 0;
    tv.tv_usec = 0;
 
    return select(nfds, &readfds, &writefds, &exceptfds, &tv);
  }
  return 1;
}
 
static coap_gnutls_env_t *
coap_dtls_new_gnutls_env(coap_session_t *c_session, int type) {
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      ((coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context);
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
  int flags = type | GNUTLS_DATAGRAM | GNUTLS_NONBLOCK | GNUTLS_ENABLE_RAWPK;
#else /* < 3.6.6 */
  int flags = type | GNUTLS_DATAGRAM | GNUTLS_NONBLOCK;
#endif /* < 3.6.6 */
  int ret;
 
  if (g_env)
    return g_env;
 
  g_env = gnutls_malloc(sizeof(coap_gnutls_env_t));
  if (!g_env)
    return NULL;
 
  memset(g_env, 0, sizeof(coap_gnutls_env_t));
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_init(&g_env->g_session, flags), "gnutls_init");
 
  gnutls_transport_set_pull_function(g_env->g_session, coap_dgram_read);
  gnutls_transport_set_push_function(g_env->g_session, coap_dgram_write);
  gnutls_transport_set_pull_timeout_function(g_env->g_session, receive_timeout);
  /* So we can track the coap_session_t in callbacks */
  gnutls_transport_set_ptr(g_env->g_session, c_session);
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_priority_set(g_env->g_session, g_context->priority_cache),
          "gnutls_priority_set");
 
  if (type == GNUTLS_SERVER) {
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
    G_CHECK(setup_server_ssl_session(c_session, g_env),
            "setup_server_ssl_session");
#else /* ! COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
    goto fail;
#endif /* ! COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
  } else {
#if COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT
    G_CHECK(setup_client_ssl_session(c_session, g_env),
            "setup_client_ssl_session");
#else /* COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT */
    goto fail;
#endif /* COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT */
  }
 
  gnutls_handshake_set_timeout(g_env->g_session,
                               GNUTLS_DEFAULT_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT);
  gnutls_dtls_set_timeouts(g_env->g_session, COAP_DTLS_RETRANSMIT_MS,
                           COAP_DTLS_RETRANSMIT_TOTAL_MS);
 
  return g_env;
 
fail:
  if (g_env)
    gnutls_free(g_env);
  return NULL;
}
 
static void
coap_dtls_free_gnutls_env(coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context,
                          coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env,
                          coap_free_bye_t free_bye) {
  if (g_env) {
    /* It is suggested not to use GNUTLS_SHUT_RDWR in DTLS
     * connections because the peer's closure message might
     * be lost */
    if (free_bye != COAP_FREE_BYE_NONE && !g_env->sent_alert) {
      /* Only do this if appropriate */
      gnutls_bye(g_env->g_session, free_bye == COAP_FREE_BYE_AS_UDP ?
                 GNUTLS_SHUT_WR : GNUTLS_SHUT_RDWR);
    }
    gnutls_deinit(g_env->g_session);
    g_env->g_session = NULL;
    if (g_context->psk_pki_enabled & IS_PSK) {
      if ((g_context->psk_pki_enabled & IS_CLIENT) &&
          g_env->psk_cl_credentials != NULL) {
        gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials(g_env->psk_cl_credentials);
        g_env->psk_cl_credentials = NULL;
      } else {
        /* YUK - A memory leak in 3.3.0 (fixed by 3.3.26) of hint */
        if (g_env->psk_sv_credentials != NULL)
          gnutls_psk_free_server_credentials(g_env->psk_sv_credentials);
        g_env->psk_sv_credentials = NULL;
      }
    }
    if ((g_context->psk_pki_enabled & IS_PKI) ||
        (g_context->psk_pki_enabled &
         (IS_PSK | IS_PKI | IS_CLIENT)) == IS_CLIENT) {
      gnutls_certificate_free_credentials(g_env->pki_credentials);
      g_env->pki_credentials = NULL;
    }
    gnutls_free(g_env->coap_ssl_data.cookie_key.data);
    gnutls_free(g_env);
  }
}
 
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
void *
coap_dtls_new_server_session(coap_session_t *c_session) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env =
      (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
 
  gnutls_transport_set_ptr(g_env->g_session, c_session);
 
  return g_env;
}
#endif /* COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
 
static void
log_last_alert(coap_session_t *c_session,
               gnutls_session_t g_session) {
#if COAP_MAX_LOGGING_LEVEL > 0
  int last_alert = gnutls_alert_get(g_session);
 
  if (last_alert == GNUTLS_A_CLOSE_NOTIFY)
    coap_log_debug("***%s: Alert '%d': %s\n",
                   coap_session_str(c_session),
                   last_alert, gnutls_alert_get_name(last_alert));
  else
    coap_log_warn("***%s: Alert '%d': %s\n",
                  coap_session_str(c_session),
                  last_alert, gnutls_alert_get_name(last_alert));
#else /* COAP_MAX_LOGGING_LEVEL ==  0 */
  (void)c_session;
  (void)g_session;
#endif /* COAP_MAX_LOGGING_LEVEL ==  0 */
}
 
/*
 * return -1  failure
 *         0  not completed
 *         1  established
 */
static int
do_gnutls_handshake(coap_session_t *c_session, coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env) {
  int ret;
 
  ret = gnutls_handshake(g_env->g_session);
  switch (ret) {
  case GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS:
    g_env->established = 1;
    coap_log_debug("*  %s: GnuTLS established\n",
                   coap_session_str(c_session));
    ret = 1;
    break;
  case GNUTLS_E_INTERRUPTED:
    errno = EINTR;
    ret = 0;
    break;
  case GNUTLS_E_AGAIN:
    errno = EAGAIN;
    ret = 0;
    break;
  case GNUTLS_E_INSUFFICIENT_CREDENTIALS:
    coap_log_warn("Insufficient credentials provided.\n");
    ret = -1;
    break;
  case GNUTLS_E_FATAL_ALERT_RECEIVED:
    /* Stop the sending of an alert on closedown */
    g_env->sent_alert = 1;
    log_last_alert(c_session, g_env->g_session);
  /* Fall through */
  case GNUTLS_E_UNEXPECTED_HANDSHAKE_PACKET:
  case GNUTLS_E_UNEXPECTED_PACKET:
    c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
    ret = -1;
    break;
  case GNUTLS_E_WARNING_ALERT_RECEIVED:
    log_last_alert(c_session, g_env->g_session);
    c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_ERROR;
    ret = 0;
    break;
  case GNUTLS_E_NO_CERTIFICATE_FOUND:
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x030606)
  case GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_REQUIRED:
#endif /* GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x030606 */
    coap_log_warn("Client Certificate requested and required, but not provided\n"
                 );
    G_ACTION(gnutls_alert_send(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_AL_FATAL,
                               GNUTLS_A_BAD_CERTIFICATE));
    g_env->sent_alert = 1;
    c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
    ret = -1;
    break;
  case GNUTLS_E_DECRYPTION_FAILED:
    coap_log_warn("do_gnutls_handshake: session establish "
                  "returned '%s'\n",
                  gnutls_strerror(ret));
    G_ACTION(gnutls_alert_send(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_AL_FATAL,
                               GNUTLS_A_DECRYPT_ERROR));
    g_env->sent_alert = 1;
    c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
    ret = -1;
    break;
  case GNUTLS_E_CERTIFICATE_ERROR:
    if (g_env->sent_alert) {
      c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
      ret = -1;
      break;
    }
  /* Fall through */
  case GNUTLS_E_UNKNOWN_CIPHER_SUITE:
  case GNUTLS_E_NO_CIPHER_SUITES:
  case GNUTLS_E_INVALID_SESSION:
    coap_log_warn("do_gnutls_handshake: session establish "
                  "returned '%s'\n",
                  gnutls_strerror(ret));
    if (!g_env->sent_alert) {
      G_ACTION(gnutls_alert_send(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_AL_FATAL,
                                 GNUTLS_A_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE));
      g_env->sent_alert = 1;
    }
    c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
    ret = -1;
    break;
  case GNUTLS_E_SESSION_EOF:
  case GNUTLS_E_PREMATURE_TERMINATION:
  case GNUTLS_E_TIMEDOUT:
  case GNUTLS_E_PULL_ERROR:
  case GNUTLS_E_PUSH_ERROR:
    c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
    ret = -1;
    break;
  default:
    coap_log_warn("do_gnutls_handshake: session establish "
                  "returned %d: '%s'\n",
                  ret, gnutls_strerror(ret));
    ret = -1;
    break;
  }
  return ret;
}
 
#if COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT
void *
coap_dtls_new_client_session(coap_session_t *c_session) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = coap_dtls_new_gnutls_env(c_session, GNUTLS_CLIENT);
  int ret;
 
  if (g_env) {
    ret = do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env);
    if (ret == -1) {
      coap_dtls_free_gnutls_env(c_session->context->dtls_context,
                                g_env,
                                COAP_PROTO_NOT_RELIABLE(c_session->proto) ?
                                COAP_FREE_BYE_AS_UDP : COAP_FREE_BYE_AS_TCP);
      return NULL;
    }
  }
  return g_env;
}
#endif /* COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT */
 
void
coap_dtls_free_session(coap_session_t *c_session) {
  if (c_session && c_session->context && c_session->tls) {
    coap_dtls_free_gnutls_env(c_session->context->dtls_context,
                              c_session->tls,
                              COAP_PROTO_NOT_RELIABLE(c_session->proto) ?
                              COAP_FREE_BYE_AS_UDP : COAP_FREE_BYE_AS_TCP);
    c_session->tls = NULL;
    coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED, c_session);
  }
}
 
void
coap_dtls_session_update_mtu(coap_session_t *c_session) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
  int ret;
 
  if (g_env)
    G_CHECK(gnutls_dtls_set_data_mtu(g_env->g_session,
                                     (unsigned int)c_session->mtu),
            "gnutls_dtls_set_data_mtu");
fail:
  ;;
}
 
/*
 * return +ve data amount
 *        0   no more
 *        -1  error
 */
ssize_t
coap_dtls_send(coap_session_t *c_session,
               const uint8_t *data, size_t data_len) {
  int ret;
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
 
  assert(g_env != NULL);
 
  c_session->dtls_event = -1;
  coap_log_debug("*  %s: dtls:  sent %4d bytes\n",
                 coap_session_str(c_session), (int)data_len);
  if (g_env->established) {
    ret = gnutls_record_send(g_env->g_session, data, data_len);
 
    if (ret <= 0) {
      switch (ret) {
      case GNUTLS_E_AGAIN:
        ret = 0;
        break;
      case GNUTLS_E_FATAL_ALERT_RECEIVED:
        /* Stop the sending of an alert on closedown */
        g_env->sent_alert = 1;
        log_last_alert(c_session, g_env->g_session);
        c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
        ret = -1;
        break;
      default:
        coap_log_debug("coap_dtls_send: gnutls_record_send "
                       "returned %d: '%s'\n",
                       ret, gnutls_strerror(ret));
        ret = -1;
        break;
      }
      if (ret == -1) {
        coap_log_warn("coap_dtls_send: cannot send PDU\n");
      }
    }
  } else {
    ret = do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env);
    if (ret == 1) {
      /* Just connected, so send the data */
      return coap_dtls_send(c_session, data, data_len);
    }
    ret = -1;
  }
 
  if (c_session->dtls_event >= 0) {
    coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, c_session->dtls_event, c_session);
    if (c_session->dtls_event == COAP_EVENT_DTLS_ERROR ||
        c_session->dtls_event == COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED) {
      coap_session_disconnected_lkd(c_session, COAP_NACK_TLS_FAILED);
      ret = -1;
    }
  }
 
  return ret;
}
 
int
coap_dtls_is_context_timeout(void) {
  return 0;
}
 
coap_tick_t
coap_dtls_get_context_timeout(void *dtls_context COAP_UNUSED) {
  return 0;
}
 
coap_tick_t
coap_dtls_get_timeout(coap_session_t *c_session, coap_tick_t now) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
 
  assert(c_session->state == COAP_SESSION_STATE_HANDSHAKE);
  if (g_env && g_env->g_session) {
    unsigned int rem_ms = gnutls_dtls_get_timeout(g_env->g_session);
 
    if (rem_ms == 0) {
      /*
       * Need to make sure that we do not do this too frequently as some
       * versions of gnutls reset retransmit if a spurious packet is received
       * (e.g. duplicate Client Hello), but last_transmit does not get updated
       * when gnutls_handshake() is called and there is 'nothing' to resend.
       */
      if (g_env->last_timeout + COAP_DTLS_RETRANSMIT_COAP_TICKS > now)
        return g_env->last_timeout + COAP_DTLS_RETRANSMIT_COAP_TICKS;
    }
    /* Reset for the next time */
    g_env->last_timeout = now;
    return now + rem_ms;
  }
 
  return 0;
}
 
/*
 * return 1 timed out
 *        0 still timing out
 */
int
coap_dtls_handle_timeout(coap_session_t *c_session) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
 
  assert(g_env != NULL && c_session->state == COAP_SESSION_STATE_HANDSHAKE);
  g_env->doing_dtls_timeout = 1;
  if ((++c_session->dtls_timeout_count > c_session->max_retransmit) ||
      (do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env) < 0)) {
    /* Too many retries */
    g_env->doing_dtls_timeout = 0;
    coap_session_disconnected_lkd(c_session, COAP_NACK_TLS_FAILED);
    return 1;
  } else {
    g_env->doing_dtls_timeout = 0;
    return 0;
  }
}
 
/*
 * return +ve data amount
 *        0   no more
 *        -1  error
 */
int
coap_dtls_receive(coap_session_t *c_session, const uint8_t *data,
                  size_t data_len) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
  int ret = 0;
  coap_ssl_t *ssl_data = &g_env->coap_ssl_data;
 
  uint8_t pdu[COAP_RXBUFFER_SIZE];
 
  assert(g_env != NULL);
 
  if (ssl_data->pdu_len)
    coap_log_err("** %s: Previous data not read %u bytes\n",
                 coap_session_str(c_session), ssl_data->pdu_len);
  ssl_data->pdu = data;
  ssl_data->pdu_len = data_len;
 
  c_session->dtls_event = -1;
  if (g_env->established) {
    if (c_session->state == COAP_SESSION_STATE_HANDSHAKE) {
      coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CONNECTED,
                            c_session);
      gnutls_transport_set_ptr(g_env->g_session, c_session);
      c_session->sock.lfunc[COAP_LAYER_TLS].l_establish(c_session);
    }
    ret = gnutls_record_recv(g_env->g_session, pdu, (int)sizeof(pdu));
    if (ret > 0) {
      coap_log_debug("*  %s: dtls:  recv %4d bytes\n",
                     coap_session_str(c_session), ret);
      return coap_handle_dgram(c_session->context, c_session, pdu, (size_t)ret);
    } else if (ret == 0) {
      c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
    } else {
      switch (ret) {
      case GNUTLS_E_FATAL_ALERT_RECEIVED:
        /* Stop the sending of an alert on closedown */
        g_env->sent_alert = 1;
        log_last_alert(c_session, g_env->g_session);
        c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
        ret = -1;
        break;
      case GNUTLS_E_WARNING_ALERT_RECEIVED:
        log_last_alert(c_session, g_env->g_session);
        c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_ERROR;
        ret = 0;
        break;
      default:
        coap_log_warn("coap_dtls_receive: gnutls_record_recv returned %d\n", ret);
        ret = -1;
        break;
      }
    }
  } else {
    ret = do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env);
    if (ret == 1) {
      coap_session_connected(c_session);
    } else {
      ret = -1;
      if (ssl_data->pdu_len && !g_env->sent_alert) {
        /* Do the handshake again incase of internal timeout */
        ret = do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env);
        if (ret == 1) {
          /* Just connected, so send the data */
          coap_session_connected(c_session);
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  if (c_session->dtls_event >= 0) {
    /* COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED event reported in coap_session_disconnected_lkd() */
    if (c_session->dtls_event != COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED)
      coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, c_session->dtls_event, c_session);
    if (c_session->dtls_event == COAP_EVENT_DTLS_ERROR ||
        c_session->dtls_event == COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED) {
      coap_session_disconnected_lkd(c_session, COAP_NACK_TLS_FAILED);
      ssl_data = NULL;
      ret = -1;
    }
  }
  if (ssl_data && ssl_data->pdu_len) {
    /* pdu data is held on stack which will not stay there */
    coap_log_debug("coap_dtls_receive: ret %d: remaining data %u\n", ret, ssl_data->pdu_len);
    ssl_data->pdu_len = 0;
    ssl_data->pdu = NULL;
  }
  return ret;
}
 
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
/*
 * return -1  failure
 *         0  not completed
 *         1  client hello seen
 */
int
coap_dtls_hello(coap_session_t *c_session,
                const uint8_t *data,
                size_t data_len
               ) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
  coap_ssl_t *ssl_data;
  int ret;
 
  if (!g_env) {
    g_env = coap_dtls_new_gnutls_env(c_session, GNUTLS_SERVER);
    if (g_env) {
      c_session->tls = g_env;
      gnutls_key_generate(&g_env->coap_ssl_data.cookie_key,
                          GNUTLS_COOKIE_KEY_SIZE);
    } else {
      /* error should have already been reported */
      return -1;
    }
  }
  if (data_len > 0) {
    gnutls_dtls_prestate_st prestate;
    uint8_t *data_rw;
 
    memset(&prestate, 0, sizeof(prestate));
    /* Need to do this to not get a compiler warning about const parameters */
    memcpy(&data_rw, &data, sizeof(data_rw));
    ret = gnutls_dtls_cookie_verify(&g_env->coap_ssl_data.cookie_key,
                                    &c_session->addr_info,
                                    sizeof(c_session->addr_info),
                                    data_rw, data_len,
                                    &prestate);
    if (ret < 0) {  /* cookie not valid */
      coap_log_debug("Invalid Cookie - sending Hello Verify\n");
      gnutls_dtls_cookie_send(&g_env->coap_ssl_data.cookie_key,
                              &c_session->addr_info,
                              sizeof(c_session->addr_info),
                              &prestate,
                              c_session,
                              coap_dgram_write);
      return 0;
    }
    gnutls_dtls_prestate_set(g_env->g_session, &prestate);
  }
 
  ssl_data = &g_env->coap_ssl_data;
  ssl_data->pdu = data;
  ssl_data->pdu_len = data_len;
 
  ret = do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env);
  if (ret < 0) {
    /*
     * as the above failed, need to remove g_env to clean up any
     * pollution of the information
     */
    coap_dtls_free_gnutls_env(((coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context),
                              g_env, COAP_FREE_BYE_NONE);
    c_session->tls = NULL;
    ssl_data = NULL;
    ret = -1;
  } else {
    /* Client Hello has been seen */
    ret = 1;
  }
 
  if (ssl_data && ssl_data->pdu_len) {
    /* pdu data is held on stack which will not stay there */
    coap_log_debug("coap_dtls_hello: ret %d: remaining data %u\n", ret, ssl_data->pdu_len);
    ssl_data->pdu_len = 0;
    ssl_data->pdu = NULL;
  }
  return ret;
}
#endif /* COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
 
unsigned int
coap_dtls_get_overhead(coap_session_t *c_session COAP_UNUSED) {
  return 37;
}
 
#if !COAP_DISABLE_TCP
/*
 * strm
 * return +ve data amount
 *        0   connection closed
 *        -1  error (error in errno)
 */
static ssize_t
coap_sock_read(gnutls_transport_ptr_t context, void *out, size_t outl) {
  int ret = 0;
  coap_session_t *c_session = (coap_session_t *)context;
 
  if (out != NULL) {
    ret = (int)c_session->sock.lfunc[COAP_LAYER_TLS].l_read(c_session, out, outl);
    /* Translate layer returns into what GnuTLS expects */
    if (ret == 0) {
      errno = EAGAIN;
      ret = -1;
    }
  }
  return ret;
}
 
/*
 * strm
 * return +ve data amount
 *        0   no more
 *        -1  error (error in errno)
 */
static ssize_t
coap_sock_write(gnutls_transport_ptr_t context, const void *in, size_t inl) {
  int ret = 0;
  coap_session_t *c_session = (coap_session_t *)context;
 
  ret = (int)c_session->sock.lfunc[COAP_LAYER_TLS].l_write(c_session, in, inl);
  /* Translate layer what returns into what GnuTLS expects */
  if (ret < 0) {
    if ((c_session->state == COAP_SESSION_STATE_CSM ||
         c_session->state == COAP_SESSION_STATE_HANDSHAKE) &&
        (errno == EPIPE || errno == ECONNRESET)) {
      /*
       * Need to handle a TCP timing window where an agent continues with
       * the sending of the next handshake or a CSM.
       * However, the peer does not like a certificate and so sends a
       * fatal alert and closes the TCP session.
       * The sending of the next handshake or CSM may get terminated because
       * of the closed TCP session, but there is still an outstanding alert
       * to be read in and reported on.
       * In this case, pretend that sending the info was fine so that the
       * alert can be read (which effectively is what happens with DTLS).
       */
      ret = inl;
    } else {
      coap_log_debug("*  %s: failed to send %zd bytes (%s) state %d\n",
                     coap_session_str(c_session), inl, coap_socket_strerror(),
                     c_session->state);
    }
  }
  if (ret == 0) {
    errno = EAGAIN;
    ret = -1;
  }
  return ret;
}
 
#if COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT
void *
coap_tls_new_client_session(coap_session_t *c_session) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = gnutls_malloc(sizeof(coap_gnutls_env_t));
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      ((coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context);
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
  int flags = GNUTLS_CLIENT | GNUTLS_NONBLOCK | GNUTLS_ENABLE_RAWPK;
#else /* < 3.6.6 */
  int flags = GNUTLS_CLIENT | GNUTLS_NONBLOCK;
#endif /* < 3.6.6 */
  int ret;
 
  if (!g_env) {
    return NULL;
  }
  memset(g_env, 0, sizeof(coap_gnutls_env_t));
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_init(&g_env->g_session, flags), "gnutls_init");
 
  gnutls_transport_set_pull_function(g_env->g_session, coap_sock_read);
  gnutls_transport_set_push_function(g_env->g_session, coap_sock_write);
  gnutls_transport_set_pull_timeout_function(g_env->g_session, receive_timeout);
  /* So we can track the coap_session_t in callbacks */
  gnutls_transport_set_ptr(g_env->g_session, c_session);
 
  gnutls_priority_set(g_env->g_session, g_context->priority_cache);
  setup_client_ssl_session(c_session, g_env);
 
  gnutls_handshake_set_timeout(g_env->g_session, GNUTLS_DEFAULT_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT);
 
  c_session->tls = g_env;
  ret = do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env);
  if (ret == 1) {
    coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CONNECTED, c_session);
    c_session->sock.lfunc[COAP_LAYER_TLS].l_establish(c_session);
  }
  return g_env;
 
fail:
  if (g_env)
    gnutls_free(g_env);
  return NULL;
}
#endif /* COAP_CLIENT_SUPPORT */
 
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
void *
coap_tls_new_server_session(coap_session_t *c_session) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = gnutls_malloc(sizeof(coap_gnutls_env_t));
  coap_gnutls_context_t *g_context =
      ((coap_gnutls_context_t *)c_session->context->dtls_context);
#if (GNUTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x030606)
  int flags = GNUTLS_SERVER | GNUTLS_NONBLOCK | GNUTLS_ENABLE_RAWPK;
#else /* < 3.6.6 */
  int flags = GNUTLS_SERVER | GNUTLS_NONBLOCK;
#endif /* < 3.6.6 */
  int ret;
 
  if (!g_env)
    return NULL;
  memset(g_env, 0, sizeof(coap_gnutls_env_t));
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_init(&g_env->g_session, flags), "gnutls_init");
 
  gnutls_transport_set_pull_function(g_env->g_session, coap_sock_read);
  gnutls_transport_set_push_function(g_env->g_session, coap_sock_write);
  gnutls_transport_set_pull_timeout_function(g_env->g_session, receive_timeout);
  /* So we can track the coap_session_t in callbacks */
  gnutls_transport_set_ptr(g_env->g_session, c_session);
 
  setup_server_ssl_session(c_session, g_env);
 
  gnutls_priority_set(g_env->g_session, g_context->priority_cache);
  gnutls_handshake_set_timeout(g_env->g_session,
                               GNUTLS_DEFAULT_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT);
 
  c_session->tls = g_env;
  ret = do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env);
  if (ret == 1) {
    coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CONNECTED, c_session);
    c_session->sock.lfunc[COAP_LAYER_TLS].l_establish(c_session);
  }
  return g_env;
 
fail:
  return NULL;
}
#endif /* COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
 
void
coap_tls_free_session(coap_session_t *c_session) {
  coap_dtls_free_session(c_session);
  return;
}
 
/*
 * strm
 * return +ve Number of bytes written.
 *         -1 Error (error in errno).
 */
ssize_t
coap_tls_write(coap_session_t *c_session, const uint8_t *data,
               size_t data_len) {
  int ret;
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
 
  assert(g_env != NULL);
 
  c_session->dtls_event = -1;
  if (g_env->established) {
    ret = gnutls_record_send(g_env->g_session, data, data_len);
 
    if (ret <= 0) {
      switch (ret) {
      case GNUTLS_E_AGAIN:
        ret = 0;
        break;
      case GNUTLS_E_PUSH_ERROR:
      case GNUTLS_E_PULL_ERROR:
      case GNUTLS_E_PREMATURE_TERMINATION:
        c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
        break;
      case GNUTLS_E_FATAL_ALERT_RECEIVED:
        /* Stop the sending of an alert on closedown */
        g_env->sent_alert = 1;
        log_last_alert(c_session, g_env->g_session);
        c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
        break;
      default:
        coap_log_warn("coap_tls_write: gnutls_record_send "
                      "returned %d: '%s'\n",
                      ret, gnutls_strerror(ret));
        ret = -1;
        break;
      }
      if (ret == -1) {
        coap_log_info("coap_tls_write: cannot send PDU\n");
      }
    }
  } else {
    ret = do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env);
    if (ret == 1) {
      coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CONNECTED,
                            c_session);
      c_session->sock.lfunc[COAP_LAYER_TLS].l_establish(c_session);
      ret = 0;
    } else {
      ret = -1;
    }
  }
 
  if (c_session->dtls_event >= 0) {
    /* COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED event reported in coap_session_disconnected_lkd() */
    if (c_session->dtls_event != COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED)
      coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, c_session->dtls_event, c_session);
    if (c_session->dtls_event == COAP_EVENT_DTLS_ERROR ||
        c_session->dtls_event == COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED) {
      coap_session_disconnected_lkd(c_session, COAP_NACK_TLS_FAILED);
      ret = -1;
    }
  }
 
  if (ret > 0) {
    if (ret == (ssize_t)data_len)
      coap_log_debug("*  %s: tls:   sent %4d bytes\n",
                     coap_session_str(c_session), ret);
    else
      coap_log_debug("*  %s: tls:   sent %4d of %4zd bytes\n",
                     coap_session_str(c_session), ret, data_len);
  }
  return ret;
}
 
/*
 * strm
 * return >=0 Number of bytes read.
 *         -1 Error (error in errno).
 */
ssize_t
coap_tls_read(coap_session_t *c_session, uint8_t *data, size_t data_len) {
  coap_gnutls_env_t *g_env = (coap_gnutls_env_t *)c_session->tls;
  int ret = -1;
 
  if (!g_env) {
    errno = ENXIO;
    return -1;
  }
 
  c_session->dtls_event = -1;
  if (!g_env->established && !g_env->sent_alert) {
    ret = do_gnutls_handshake(c_session, g_env);
    if (ret == 1) {
      coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CONNECTED,
                            c_session);
      c_session->sock.lfunc[COAP_LAYER_TLS].l_establish(c_session);
      ret = 0;
    }
  }
  if (c_session->state != COAP_SESSION_STATE_NONE && g_env->established) {
    ret = gnutls_record_recv(g_env->g_session, data, (int)data_len);
    if (ret <= 0) {
      switch (ret) {
      case 0:
        c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
        break;
      case GNUTLS_E_AGAIN:
        errno = EAGAIN;
        ret = 0;
        break;
      case GNUTLS_E_PULL_ERROR:
        c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_ERROR;
        break;
      case GNUTLS_E_FATAL_ALERT_RECEIVED:
        /* Stop the sending of an alert on closedown */
        g_env->sent_alert = 1;
        log_last_alert(c_session, g_env->g_session);
        c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED;
        break;
      case GNUTLS_E_WARNING_ALERT_RECEIVED:
        log_last_alert(c_session, g_env->g_session);
        c_session->dtls_event = COAP_EVENT_DTLS_ERROR;
        break;
      default:
        coap_log_warn("coap_tls_read: gnutls_record_recv "
                      "returned %d: '%s'\n",
                      ret, gnutls_strerror(ret));
        ret = -1;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
 
  if (c_session->dtls_event >= 0) {
    /* COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED event reported in coap_session_disconnected_lkd() */
    if (c_session->dtls_event != COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED)
      coap_handle_event_lkd(c_session->context, c_session->dtls_event, c_session);
    if (c_session->dtls_event == COAP_EVENT_DTLS_ERROR ||
        c_session->dtls_event == COAP_EVENT_DTLS_CLOSED) {
      coap_session_disconnected_lkd(c_session, COAP_NACK_TLS_FAILED);
      ret = -1;
    }
  }
  if (ret > 0) {
    coap_log_debug("*  %s: tls:   recv %4d bytes\n",
                   coap_session_str(c_session), ret);
  }
  return ret;
}
#endif /* !COAP_DISABLE_TCP */
 
#if COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT
coap_digest_ctx_t *
coap_digest_setup(void) {
  gnutls_hash_hd_t digest_ctx;
 
  if (gnutls_hash_init(&digest_ctx, GNUTLS_DIG_SHA256)) {
    return NULL;
  }
  return digest_ctx;
}
 
void
coap_digest_free(coap_digest_ctx_t *digest_ctx) {
  if (digest_ctx)
    gnutls_hash_deinit(digest_ctx, NULL);
}
 
int
coap_digest_update(coap_digest_ctx_t *digest_ctx,
                   const uint8_t *data,
                   size_t data_len) {
  int ret = gnutls_hash(digest_ctx, data, data_len);
 
  return ret == 0;
}
 
int
coap_digest_final(coap_digest_ctx_t *digest_ctx,
                  coap_digest_t *digest_buffer) {
  gnutls_hash_output(digest_ctx, (uint8_t *)digest_buffer);
 
  coap_digest_free(digest_ctx);
  return 1;
}
#endif /* COAP_SERVER_SUPPORT */
 
#if COAP_WS_SUPPORT
/*
 * The struct hash_algs and the function get_hash_alg() are used to
 * determine which hash type to use for creating the required hash object.
 */
static struct hash_algs {
  cose_alg_t alg;
  gnutls_digest_algorithm_t dig_type;
  size_t dig_size;
} hashs[] = {
  {COSE_ALGORITHM_SHA_1,       GNUTLS_DIG_SHA1,   20},
  {COSE_ALGORITHM_SHA_256_256, GNUTLS_DIG_SHA256, 32},
  {COSE_ALGORITHM_SHA_512,     GNUTLS_DIG_SHA512, 64},
};
 
static gnutls_digest_algorithm_t
get_hash_alg(cose_alg_t alg, size_t *hash_len) {
  size_t idx;
 
  for (idx = 0; idx < sizeof(hashs) / sizeof(struct hash_algs); idx++) {
    if (hashs[idx].alg == alg) {
      *hash_len = hashs[idx].dig_size;
      return hashs[idx].dig_type;
    }
  }
  coap_log_debug("get_hash_alg: COSE hash %d not supported\n", alg);
  return GNUTLS_DIG_UNKNOWN;
}
 
int
coap_crypto_hash(cose_alg_t alg,
                 const coap_bin_const_t *data,
                 coap_bin_const_t **hash) {
  size_t hash_length;
  gnutls_digest_algorithm_t dig_type = get_hash_alg(alg, &hash_length);
  gnutls_hash_hd_t digest_ctx;
  coap_binary_t *dummy = NULL;
  int ret;
 
  if (dig_type == GNUTLS_DIG_UNKNOWN) {
    coap_log_debug("coap_crypto_hash: algorithm %d not supported\n", alg);
    return 0;
  }
 
  if (gnutls_hash_init(&digest_ctx, dig_type)) {
    return 0;
  }
  ret = gnutls_hash(digest_ctx, data->s, data->length);
  if (ret != 0)
    goto error;
 
  dummy = coap_new_binary(hash_length);
  if (!dummy)
    goto error;
  gnutls_hash_output(digest_ctx, dummy->s);
 
  *hash = (coap_bin_const_t *)(dummy);
  gnutls_hash_deinit(digest_ctx, NULL);
  return 1;
 
error:
  coap_delete_binary(dummy);
  gnutls_hash_deinit(digest_ctx, NULL);
  return 0;
}
#endif /* COAP_WS_SUPPORT */
 
#if COAP_OSCORE_SUPPORT
int
coap_oscore_is_supported(void) {
  return 1;
}
 
/*
 * The struct cipher_algs and the function get_cipher_alg() are used to
 * determine which cipher type to use for creating the required cipher
 * suite object.
 */
static struct cipher_algs {
  cose_alg_t alg;
  gnutls_cipher_algorithm_t cipher_type;
} ciphers[] = {{COSE_ALGORITHM_AES_CCM_16_64_128, GNUTLS_CIPHER_AES_128_CCM_8},
  {COSE_ALGORITHM_AES_CCM_16_64_256, GNUTLS_CIPHER_AES_256_CCM_8}
};
 
static gnutls_cipher_algorithm_t
get_cipher_alg(cose_alg_t alg) {
  size_t idx;
 
  for (idx = 0; idx < sizeof(ciphers) / sizeof(struct cipher_algs); idx++) {
    if (ciphers[idx].alg == alg)
      return ciphers[idx].cipher_type;
  }
  coap_log_debug("get_cipher_alg: COSE cipher %d not supported\n", alg);
  return 0;
}
 
/*
 * The struct hmac_algs and the function get_hmac_alg() are used to
 * determine which hmac type to use for creating the required hmac
 * suite object.
 */
static struct hmac_algs {
  cose_hmac_alg_t hmac_alg;
  gnutls_mac_algorithm_t hmac_type;
} hmacs[] = {
  {COSE_HMAC_ALG_HMAC256_256, GNUTLS_MAC_SHA256},
  {COSE_HMAC_ALG_HMAC512_512, GNUTLS_MAC_SHA512},
};
 
static gnutls_mac_algorithm_t
get_hmac_alg(cose_hmac_alg_t hmac_alg) {
  size_t idx;
 
  for (idx = 0; idx < sizeof(hmacs) / sizeof(struct hmac_algs); idx++) {
    if (hmacs[idx].hmac_alg == hmac_alg)
      return hmacs[idx].hmac_type;
  }
  coap_log_debug("get_hmac_alg: COSE HMAC %d not supported\n", hmac_alg);
  return 0;
}
 
int
coap_crypto_check_cipher_alg(cose_alg_t alg) {
  return get_cipher_alg(alg);
}
 
int
coap_crypto_check_hkdf_alg(cose_hkdf_alg_t hkdf_alg) {
  cose_hmac_alg_t hmac_alg;
 
  if (!cose_get_hmac_alg_for_hkdf(hkdf_alg, &hmac_alg))
    return 0;
  return get_hmac_alg(hmac_alg);
}
 
int
coap_crypto_aead_encrypt(const coap_crypto_param_t *params,
                         coap_bin_const_t *data,
                         coap_bin_const_t *aad,
                         uint8_t *result,
                         size_t *max_result_len) {
  gnutls_aead_cipher_hd_t ctx;
  gnutls_datum_t key;
  const coap_crypto_aes_ccm_t *ccm;
  int ret = 0;
  size_t result_len = *max_result_len;
  gnutls_cipher_algorithm_t algo;
  unsigned tag_size;
  uint8_t *key_data_rw;
  coap_bin_const_t laad;
 
  if (data == NULL)
    return 0;
 
  assert(params != NULL);
  if (!params) {
    return 0;
  }
  if ((algo = get_cipher_alg(params->alg)) == 0) {
    coap_log_debug("coap_crypto_encrypt: algorithm %d not supported\n",
                   params->alg);
    return 0;
  }
  tag_size = gnutls_cipher_get_tag_size(algo);
  ccm = &params->params.aes;
 
  /* Get a RW copy of data */
  memcpy(&key_data_rw, &ccm->key.s, sizeof(key_data_rw));
  key.data = key_data_rw;
  key.size = ccm->key.length;
 
  if (aad) {
    laad = *aad;
  } else {
    laad.s = NULL;
    laad.length = 0;
  }
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_aead_cipher_init(&ctx, algo, &key), "gnutls_aead_cipher_init");
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_aead_cipher_encrypt(ctx,
                                     ccm->nonce,
                                     15 - ccm->l, /* iv */
                                     laad.s,
                                     laad.length, /* ad */
                                     tag_size,
                                     data->s,
                                     data->length, /* input */
                                     result,
                                     &result_len), /* output */
          "gnutls_aead_cipher_encrypt");
  *max_result_len = result_len;
  ret = 1;
fail:
  gnutls_aead_cipher_deinit(ctx);
  return ret == 1 ? 1 : 0;
}
 
int
coap_crypto_aead_decrypt(const coap_crypto_param_t *params,
                         coap_bin_const_t *data,
                         coap_bin_const_t *aad,
                         uint8_t *result,
                         size_t *max_result_len) {
  gnutls_aead_cipher_hd_t ctx;
  gnutls_datum_t key;
  const coap_crypto_aes_ccm_t *ccm;
  int ret = 0;
  size_t result_len = *max_result_len;
  gnutls_cipher_algorithm_t algo;
  unsigned tag_size;
  uint8_t *key_data_rw;
  coap_bin_const_t laad;
 
  if (data == NULL)
    return 0;
 
  assert(params != NULL);
 
  if (!params) {
    return 0;
  }
  if ((algo = get_cipher_alg(params->alg)) == 0) {
    coap_log_debug("coap_crypto_decrypt: algorithm %d not supported\n",
                   params->alg);
    return 0;
  }
  tag_size = gnutls_cipher_get_tag_size(algo);
  ccm = &params->params.aes;
 
  /* Get a RW copy of data */
  memcpy(&key_data_rw, &ccm->key.s, sizeof(key_data_rw));
  key.data = key_data_rw;
  key.size = ccm->key.length;
 
  if (aad) {
    laad = *aad;
  } else {
    laad.s = NULL;
    laad.length = 0;
  }
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_aead_cipher_init(&ctx, algo, &key), "gnutls_aead_cipher_init");
 
  G_CHECK(gnutls_aead_cipher_decrypt(ctx,
                                     ccm->nonce,
                                     15 - ccm->l, /* iv */
                                     laad.s,
                                     laad.length, /* ad */
                                     tag_size,
                                     data->s,
                                     data->length, /* input */
                                     result,
                                     &result_len), /* output */
          "gnutls_aead_cipher_decrypt");
  *max_result_len = result_len;
  ret = 1;
fail:
  gnutls_aead_cipher_deinit(ctx);
  return ret == 1 ? 1 : 0;
}
 
int
coap_crypto_hmac(cose_hmac_alg_t hmac_alg,
                 coap_bin_const_t *key,
                 coap_bin_const_t *data,
                 coap_bin_const_t **hmac) {
  gnutls_hmac_hd_t ctx;
  int ret = 0;
  unsigned len;
  gnutls_mac_algorithm_t mac_algo;
  coap_binary_t *dummy = NULL;
 
  if (data == NULL)
    return 0;
 
  if ((mac_algo = get_hmac_alg(hmac_alg)) == 0) {
    coap_log_debug("coap_crypto_hmac: algorithm %d not supported\n", hmac_alg);
    return 0;
  }
  len = gnutls_hmac_get_len(mac_algo);
  if (len == 0)
    return 0;
 
  dummy = coap_new_binary(len);
  if (dummy == NULL)
    return 0;
  G_CHECK(gnutls_hmac_init(&ctx, mac_algo, key->s, key->length),
          "gnutls_hmac_init");
  G_CHECK(gnutls_hmac(ctx, data->s, data->length), "gnutls_hmac");
  gnutls_hmac_output(ctx, dummy->s);
  *hmac = (coap_bin_const_t *)dummy;
  dummy = NULL;
  ret = 1;
fail:
  coap_delete_binary(dummy);
  gnutls_hmac_deinit(ctx, NULL);
  return ret == 1 ? 1 : 0;
}
 
#endif /* COAP_OSCORE_SUPPORT */
 
#else /* !COAP_WITH_LIBGNUTLS */
 
#ifdef __clang__
/* Make compilers happy that do not like empty modules. As this function is
 * never used, we ignore -Wunused-function at the end of compiling this file
 */
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
#endif
static inline void
dummy(void) {
}
 
#endif /* !COAP_WITH_LIBGNUTLS */